Literature Review Train Travel Essay

In order to conduct a thorough review of train travel it is important to first place my own work within the wider context of the existing knowledge in relation to this topic. By looking at studies which have already been conducted it is possible to observe questions which remain unanswered in this field and to look critically at existing literature in order to give my personal study a greater sense of purpose and to ensure that it makes significant contribution to the field. Social Construct of Train Travel A particular area of study relating to train travel which seems interesting to me is that which is pointed out by Watts (2008). In her paper she examines the social, imaginary and material work involved in making a journey by rail. Following ethnographic research consisting of quotations and photographs the author argues that rail passengers are spatially distributed when they make a journey by train. In her analysis she points out that a great deal of research has been conducted into the way in which time and space are constructed in society, however few researchers have conducted a specific analysis of the items and people involved in this creation. As a result this is an area I am keen to investigate as the way in which time and space is created is an area which invites more specific investigation and simultaneously this topic in relation to train travel has had little academic attention. Therefore by investigating this topic I feel I would be able to fill a gap in existing research. A further article which builds on this notion of the social construct of travelling by rail is that of Bissell (2008). In his study he looks at â€Å"some of the fluid relationships between everyday visuality, materiality and mobility through practices of contemporary railway travel in Britain† (1) The article looks primarily at the visual issues in train travel including the interior of the carriage and the landscape viewed through the window in relation to how these affect the perceptions of time, space and location throughout the journey. Such a take on train travel is something which I am very interested in and by using the conclusions made in this paper I would be able to add to the cannon of debate on this topic to contrast the findings of this study with those from an American perspective, to broaden this debate into a multi cultural arena where it may be the case that a vastly different social construct is created through train travel. This notion is extremely interesting to me and is one which, as it is yet to be developed from a transnational context, would therefore allow me to add to the academic body of knowledge on this topic. Train Travel for Business Along with the social construct of train travel another area which much literature has been conducted into is train travel in relation to alleviating problems for businesses. As train travel is often undertaken by business professionals who may need to get from two areas which are relatively far apart and are both subject to high levels of street congestion the degree to which train travel is an effective way for businesses to get to different locations for meetings or negotiations I feel therefore is an important one. One paper which has done this in relation to the relative effectiveness of train travel versus air or road travel for businesses is that of Bhat (1995). In his paper Bhat deploys an extremely qualitative and thorough evaluation of what he terms the ‘independence of irrelevant alternatives’ (IIA) in order for him to be able to come to the conclusion that different approaches to this topic elicited a different set of results. As this paper had a heavy weighting on the effectiveness of specific models in investigating this topic I feel that one way in which it can be improved is to select an approach or a model from the outset, and then stick with this throughout in order for the conclusion to be more orientated around the travel mode as opposed to the model itself. Nonetheless this paper does point out to me that the heteroscedastic model is superior to both the multinomial logit and nested logic models in the quality of results it is able to generate and therefore it will be worth me bearing this in mind when I come to conduct my own research. Another paper on a similar topic to this explores the relationship between the timing of your journey and the choice of which transportation mode you take. Conducted by Nurul Habib et al. (2009) this paper conducts a correlational analysis of these two decisions and comes to the conclusion that unobserved factors contributed to both the decision of which time to undertake your journey and which transport mode to take. Something I found particularly helpful about this paper was that it pointed out the tendency for congested peak travel periods to expand which is a phenomenon known as ‘peak spreading’. As this paper provides empirical evidence for this notion is therefore justifies further investigation owing to the importance of travel between cities in today’s society. Similarly, as this paper utilises a multinomial logit model, a discrete-continuous econometric model and a continuous time hazard model the issues relating to the effectiveness of these models has been highlighted to me as an area I will need to conduct a further amount of research in to in order to ensure that the method I ultimately select is effective in generating reliable results. Along with this issue of which model to apply to my research a study by Kroes and Sheldon (1988) point out another issue I should be aware of when conducting research into train travel. In their article they conduct a review of the stated preference method in the transport sector by another of other academics and assess the value of using this method in comparison to other similar methods to assessing why people have selected the particular mode of transport. As this article covers a range of other train transport related studies it therefore is useful in assessing the literature in this field as a whole as it has a rather broad scope. By looking at the individual studies and the successful and unsuccessful elements of them I am therefore able to select a method which suits my particular study most aptly and as a result conduct a thorough and exhaustive investigation into my chosen area of train travel. Travel Time Key names in the field of rail travel include Laura Watts and David Bissell. Something which they have both written about is the notion of travel time in relation to passenger experience. In a study by Watts and Urry (2008) the authors attempt to provide evidence to dispel the myth that time spent travelling is wasted and dead. In order to encourage funding into travel projects the authors propose that rather that attempting to minimise travel time, by linking the notion of travelling with activities and fantasies they therefore suggest that the perception that travel time is wasted is therefore incorrect. Through looking at activities such as engaging with other passengers, accessing wireless networks, views out the window and using items you have packed in your bag they therefore provide evidence which ultimately represent travel time as a useful being of time where practical and fantasy activities can be indulged, thus encouraging investment into travel projects and infrastructures. I find this research particularly useful as it has called for a revaluation of previously taken for granted attitudes towards travelling by train. By looking at the topic more broadly and dispelling common misconceptions the authors are able to create an article which both covers brand new ground and gives attention to an under investigated issue. The theoretical approach they establish therefore is something I wish to build upon in my own study as the issue is so recent it therefore is yet to have any support or criticism surrounding it. A further study by Bissell also investigates this topic however from a different perspective. Bissell (2010) looks at the notion of community and atmosphere within a train carriage. He notes something which I find interesting, that there is a certain atmosphere within a train carriage which has a powerful effect on the traveller in terms of a reticent passivity which contradicts a set of forces which work when travelling by train which prime an individual to act. As far as I am aware this societal approach to the atmosphere on a train carriage has only been conducted in relation to psychology and obedience before and therefore it is very interesting that Bissell has looked at it within the field of transport. Whilst I feel that this study is extremely relevant and is something a great number of people may be able to relate to some criticism I have is that the notion he is describing is extremely intangible and whilst he does provide extensive primary research as evidence the atmosphere is difficult to pin and down and evaluate scientifically. Another study on this topic is that of Ole (2009). This study looks at the idea of mobility in urban areas. The author describes the tendency for modern cities to be represented not just by their static venues but also by their transit spaces and argues that there should be a re configuration of the way in which identities of place are conceptualised and that transit spaces ought to become a location for meaningful interaction and pleasure. As with the Watt and Urry article this paper calls for a revaluation of the attitudes towards train travel and therefore provides a useful framework which forms a base upon which it would be possible to build upon and expand in my own study. Conclusion Throughout my literature study I have been able to identify the key theorists in the field of train travel and highlight some potent and relevant issues in this area of study. By looking critically at research which has already been conducted I am now able to ensure that my own study brings new ideas into academic discourse and that my investigation does not cover ground already subject to analysis. The gaps I have noted and other observations made throughout the body of my text therefore now place me in an ideal position to be able to come to a conclusion based on relevant research which will be will informed and critical in its scope. Works Cited Bissell, David. â€Å"Visualising everyday geographies: practices of vision through travel-time† Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 34 (2008) 42- 60 Bissell  David. â€Å"Passenger mobilities: affective atmospheres and the sociality of public transport.† Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28 (2010) 270- 89 Bhat, Chandra. â€Å"A heteroscedastic extreme value model of intercity travel mode choice.† Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 29 (1995) 471- 83 Kroes, Eric P. and Sheldon, Robert J., â€Å"Stated Preference Methods: An Introduction.† Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 22 (1988), 11- 25 Nurul Habib, Khandker, Day, Nicholas, and Miller, Eric. â€Å"An investigation of commuting trip timing and mode choice in the Greater Toronto Area: Application of a joint discrete-continuous model.† Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 43 (2009) 639- 53 Ole, Jensen B. â€Å"Flows of Meaning, Cultures of Movements – Urban Mobility as Meaningful Everyday Life Practice.† Mobilities 4 (2009) 139-58 Watts, Laura. â€Å"The art and craft of train travel.† Social and Cultural Geography 9 (2008): 711- 26 Watts  Laura and Urry  John. â€Å"Moving methods, travelling times.† Environment and Planning

Negative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships

Possessing a functional or dysfunctional family is of much importance to a healthy development, helping children through peer pressure, acceptance, and the anxiety of belonging. Yet how important is the environment that a child is raised on, this being shared or non-shared? How difficult or easy can peer pressure be? Will peer pressure help or deter a child from being functional. How much do these factors affect development from childhood to adolescence? This paper will explain the different stages of childhood to adolescence, and how a child and adolescence copes with nature and nurture .Family is of great importance to having a functional or dysfunctional development; it will help or impede the child to have a support system in place. The key areas are the family structure, function, shared and non-shared environment. A functional family is a family bonds and works together toward achieving needs. In a difference, the dysfunctional family is the opposite; non-shared environment. In a shared environment, the children are by same parents in the same home and have a crucial role to the development of the Middle childhood and Adolescence period.Children raised by a functional family have some standard to behavior. Parents are first role model. In a functional family, the words that come out from the young child mouth are very selective. The parents built them with such image of respect for both in and out of their environment. Other than behavioral factors, there are conditions that impair the development of the middle childhood. Children living in a non-shares environment maybe malnourished poorly guided, as a result of dysfunctional family. The attitude of such children will most likely be very raw, and disrespectful.Regardless of the family structure, there are stress factors that affect the middle childhood and adolescence development such as separation from both parents if they are divorced, delayed puberty because of malnutrition, adaptation to new environm ent and peer pressure . Positive impacts of peers and peer groups could be moral development, close friendships, and stability. Negative impacts of peers and peer groups could range from rejection, to bullying, and to no sense of belonging. During the Middle Childhood stage, children tend to look for a sense of belonging.As changes occur within and around them, they develop somewhat of their own culture. This culture allows the child to involve himself with others and create a bond that can compromise, share, and defend one another as an equal (Burger, 2010). As these bonds develop, moral growth is also developed. The morals that a child develops during these stages, sets a foundation for his or her morals to continue throughout adulthood. This childhood culture many times allows the children to develop close friendships. Close friendships become like an extended family to some of these children.These friendships can also hold another positive effect on the child, by providing stabi lity. Many children are affected by family disasters, such as divorce, and single parents. The stability of a close friend developing during this time continues to impact the child positively in to Adolescence and adulthood. It is always easier to discuss the positive impacts that peers can and may have on children in the Middle Childhood age, but negative impacts play a large role in a person’s life. One of the largest negative impacts that peers and peer groups can have on a child between the ages of 7-11, is rejection.Rejection impacts the child from the time it begins and continues all throughout the development stages. Bullying is known to impact the child deeply through words and physical actions. Upon peers and peer groups, bullying and rejection can lead to of place. The negative impact of bullying and rejection can lead a child and adolescence into depression or even no sense of belonging. The effects that peers have on a young adolescent can determine how that child behaves and also how the child views the world around them. During adolescent years children often find themselves in scenarios that could harm their future wellbeing.More than ever in this society as children find the need to belong or fit in to the popular crowd in school for acceptance they often tend to mimic their friends behaviors. This is often a result of the individual child trying to find him or herself. The results however, are not always negative. In fact, there are some positive results that may occur as a result of copying their peers. Simply stated, â€Å"When teens surround themselves with people who make good decisions and who are involved with positive activities and choices, it makes the adolescent child want to be better† (Stock, 2010 pg. 2).Positive peers influence adolescents and can drive the child toward improved confidence, and improved grades in school. Inversely, the same can be said for the adolescent child who decides that he or she wants to be l ike his or her friends who have a negative influence. Children who fall into this category are those that are of the bandwagon philosophy. Those negatively impacted by peers often show signs of lower grades in school, increased distance from family. In fact, â€Å"peer pressure can lead to experimentation with drugs and alcohol, and various high risks behaviors† (Fact Sheets, 2009 pg. ). The changes in the adolescent child can have lasting effects depending on which type of peer influences that child may be surrounded by. The negative impact of peer pressure can be strong; however there are also positive influences. Healthy influences are important to have in our lives from birth until death. Additional pressures that adolescents face compared to middle childhood are mostly from the bodily maturation process. Puberty has an enormous impact on the attitude and character that an adolescent presents.In addition, adolescents face a period of identity confusion. According to Inter national Child and Youth Care Network (2001), â€Å"Identity formation arises from repudiation of childhood identifications and the assumption of new configuration with both internal and societal recognitions. † Understanding the effects of puberty and its effects on the child’s identity, for boys, growing facial hair, voice changes, and the onslaught of acne can impede the need to find the identity of his ego. Girls will face breast growth, menstrual cycles, and acne as well during adolescence.The pressures that arise out of coping with these changes are very different, important, and upsetting for an adolescent compared to a nine-year-old. Stages in a child’s life are diverse and will be expressed in the child’s behavior. When a child reaches middle childhood, he or she will be in what is called the latency stage. Latency stage is the time the child starts to make friends of the same sex, is subjective to specific sexual behaviors, and thinks in terms o f morality, intellectual, and social skills start to develop.As an adolescent, they would be in their final phase of the developmental stage which the child focuses more on a heterosexual relationship outside of the family. Given that adequate or appropriate adjustment to the environment or situations, a child can pass through preceding the preceding stages with the most favorable gratification. If not behaviors that inhibit a person's ability to adjust to particular situation can produce unfavorable results. Oswalt, (2008). Moral reasoning will portray the outcome of a child’s behavior in society .There are three levels to moral reasoning and they develop in stages. First is pre-conventional reasoning which there is no integral part of values and external rewards and punishments force reasoning. Second is conventional reasoning that can be characterized by various integral parts of values, usually these values are put in place by parents. The third level is post conventional reasoning, this is when morals are altogether incorporated and is not contingent on non-essential sources. The media's impact and communal outlook with the development with adolescent has been far-reaching.Today's children are pummeled with unachievable values on what is considered beautiful, exposed to violent images of sex and violence. Exposure to such expectations and combined with the physical and emotional changes, children are more likely to struggle with sexuality, be subjected to violence at school, and incur eating disorders. These early years in childhood development are times when children are most vulnerable and when psychological disorders like depression and other temperamental disorders start to appear during this stage of life.Having a functional or dysfunctional family is of great importance to a healthy development. The environment and peer pressure are also of great importance, helping or deterring a child’s function in society. Children must believe they are safe, protected helping the child through key stages of development .

4P Marketing Essay

hese are the basic elements of the MARKETING PLAN for any business. PRODUCTThe business has to produce a product that people want to buy. They have to decide which market segment they are aiming at age, income, geographical location etc. They then have to differentiate their product so that it is slightly different from what is on offer at present so that people can be persuaded to give them a try. PROMOTIONCustomers have to be made aware of the product. The two main considerations are target market and cost. A new business will not be able to afford to advertise on national television, for instance and would not wish to because its market will be local to start with. Leaflets, billboards, advertisements in local newspapers, Yellow Pages and word of mouth would be more appropriate. PRICEThe price must be high enough to cover costs and make a profit but low enough to attract customers. There are a number of possible pricing strategies. The most commonly used are PENETRATION PRICING ch arging a low price, possibly not quite covering costs, to gain a position in the market. This is quite popular with new businesses trying to get a toehold. CREAMING the opposite to penetration pricing, this involves charging a deliberately high price to persuade people that the product is of high quality. Luxury car makers often use this strategy COST PLUS PRICING this is the most common form of pricing. Costs are totalled and a margin is added on for profit to make the total price. PLACEThe business must have a location that it can afford, and that is convenient and suitable for customers and any supplier. The Marketing mix is a set of four decisions which need to be taken before launching any new product. These variables are also known as the 4 Ps of marketing. These four variables help the firm in making strategic decisions necessary for the smooth running of any product / organization.These variables are Product

Architecture beneath Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Architecture beneath Nature - Essay Example The residential sector has increasingly adapted landscape architecture. Homes have been built as part and puzzle of the landscape implying a balanced ecological system. Buildings beneath the ground have been treasured in the sense that they are unseen and they resemble the landscape (Hagan, 2001). This implies that they are designed in an attractive way and the decorations are not different with the natural features. This has led to increase in the trend of architecture beneath the ground and an increase in the art. Globally, the art of architecture beneath the landscape has been adapted due to the magnificent products it offers after a thorough work of art and design. Furthermore, the space utilized in the creation of such features, has globally been accepted as part and puzzle of the environment. This is because it creates no negative impacts, but contributes to the beauty of the surrounding landscape (Tsui, 1999). Buildings that are invisible are designed to match the entire feature of the landscape. For instance, buildings in a hilly topography are built to be inside the hill and thus no one can suspect or even think of an existing building within the hill. It can be compared to the nature of camouflage since buildings in rocky and gully landscapes are designed in the same sense hence unseen buildings being part of the landscape. On the contrary, some buildings can be unseen but some parts are seen. This implies that the building is completely out of view, but the entrance is visible signifying that a building or structure exists in a certain landscape (Tsui, 1999). Architecture beneath nature creates another important aspect that changes the entire study of architecture. This is because this field of architecture is different and accompanied extensive invention and innovation. It is also different in the sense that buildings communicate with nature

Proposal Marketing Plan for Brightware Corporation Research

Marketing Plan for Brightware Corporation - Research Proposal Example In response to this dire situation, I present you and the team the following proposal for returning the company to its former exemplary position. With all humility, I would like to place before your good self my credentials in taking up this study. After completing my Bachelors in commerce, I pursued my Master's degree in Business Administrative (with Specialization in Marketing). I have about 15 years of experience in marketing industry. I joined Brightware Corporation about 10 years ago as a Marketing Manager and became Vice President of the Sales and Marketing, 3 years back. I am proud to be associated with the Company and be a part of its excellent workforce. The year 2005 had been the most profitable year in the history of Brightware Corporation with revenues touching 200 million dollars. However, in the year 2006 the Company witnessed a sudden dip in profits, with sales registering a negative growth by about 6%. To discover the reason for the current poor performance, as vice president of Sales & Marketing I called up the Advertising and Marketing research director Mr. Mark Quinn and National Sales Manager Mr. Kenneth Graham to a meeting to discuss about the sharp drop in annual sales. The unanimous view among all the participants of the meeting about the reasons for the current poor performance is as follows: 1.) Not enough attention is being paid towards countering the marketing communication machinery of the competitors: Today we are living in a world where media has started playing a very strong role in affecting the lifestyles of the consumers. Marketing communication, road shows and advertisement campaigns play a crucial role in carrying the brand closer to the consumer. The recent hype created around some brands coupled with attractive invitational prices of the products has taken away an appreciable share of our market. However, we failed to fathom the effect of the ad campaigns of our competitors and counter it. The marketing and sales department made repeated requests to the top management for more funds to counter the ad campaign of our competitors, but the top management did not yield to that request. The top management was of the opinion that on the basis of our more than a decade old association with the customers, we do not require to match the competitors on such campaign. This smugness resulted in sliding of our market share. The competitors on the other hand continued their all out efforts to woo the customer by unleashing marketing and advertisement campaigns on Television, Radio, Newspapers, Internet, road shows and direct marketing. Our main competitor World Kitchen has a prominent e-commerce website (http://www.worldkitchen.com), which is used to promote and sell its kitchenware products online. On the other hand we have virtually no presence in the Internet and we are not leveraging the most powerful media of the 21st century the Internet. 2.) Murmurs of disenchantment amongst the workforce: As a consequence of a dip is sales and less number of consignments being picked up, the production department was asked to go slow and retrench 140 of its workers, which in turn resulted in lowering of the morale amongst the worker community. The Company could not plan

Involving Parents Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Involving Parents - Coursework Example This will lead to immensely corporative children as they feel they have caring and considerate parents. This will lead to a society that has enhanced core values and ethics, which are deemed important. The desired outcome in this plan is to enhance partnership between parents and their children. It is a confirmed belief that children need care, protection and guidance from their parents. However, this can only be ascertained from close relationships. First, this will be an approach of parents noting the progress of their children. It is decreed that close monitoring and association with children will enhance their focus on their performance. Parents will be able to note areas of strength in their children. Similarly, the parents will be able to note the children’s weak areas. As such, there will be a better approach into rectifying the weak areas while enhancing their strengths. Secondly, parenting and corporation is a long-term activity, which is not propagated overnight. The refore, there should be initiation of some activities that will enhance the bond between parents and children (NCPIE, 2010). This could be an initial plan of the frequent activities that will enhance partnership between parents and their children. ... This is done through perfect communication and understanding. Therefore, this activity will be an initiation of corporation between parents and their children. This will have long-term results in enhancing trust and honesty in children. A budget is fundamental in this activity. First, there will be budget allocations for snacks and food. During the event, the children will serve their parents with a series of drinks and snacks. This is to teach the children the responsibility of serving their parents. Apparently, this will be a step to enhance the relationship between parents and their children. Secondly, there will be a budget allocation for entertainment. It is noted that the concentration of an audience is enhanced when there is a series of entertainment. Entertainment for both parents and children will evidently enhance the concentration of the meeting. In essence, the entertainment will help ease the audience as they are expecting a bonding session with each other. Thirdly, ther e will be a budget allocation for a venue. In essence, it is an inclusive meeting between parents and their children (NCPIE, 2010). This will help in ensuring all the people in attendance are comfortable with the environment. Fourthly, there will be a budget allocation for the meals. Sharing meals is one activity that many parents do not have with their children. This is partially due to the scope of their work. Some parents spend allot of their time working, which reduces the time for having meals together. Therefore, this dedicated day will be sharing most of the basic activities together. The plan is to have a whole day dedicated to corporation between parents and their children. This will be a day to enhance the relationship between the parents and their

Fujiwara Clan and Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fujiwara Clan and Governance - Essay Example Although the history of japan is often illustrated by institutional progress, it has had some significant turning points. As such, japan has had a long interesting history. Archeological evidence implies that people have resided in the region since the prehistoric era. This vast history is divided into groups so as to make it more manageable. These periods often have varying lengths i.e. decades to centuries. The Fujiwara family dominated japan between794 to 1160. There is no record of a specific starting year of their dominance in the government. To ensure they ruled the state of japan, they made emperors to be just puppets. An increase in population, food production decline and competition for resources saw the decline of the Fujiwara family and other great families. These problems engineered the occurrence of various military disturbances. The Taira and Minamoto who were Fujiwara family members attacked each other over land issues. This led to the collapse of the Fujiwara family as they created rival regimes. The In no cho took over from the Fujiwara clan. They slowly replaced the Fujiwara court members by the Minamoto family. Unlike previous regimes where civil authority controlled the government, military might determine the strength of the government. Despite its eventual decline, the Fujiwara clan was very successful in governance as a result of the factors highlighted herein.

Drug trade between Mexico and the United states Essay

Drug trade between Mexico and the United states - Essay Example a Frequently asked questions style with a series of questions such as who are the major players, â€Å"What are the risks of using soldiers in the fight instead of police?† and â€Å"What progress has President Calderà ³n made dismantling cartels?† Border scholars have on the whole rejected the claim that the U.S.–Mexico border has been dissolved by late modern crossborder migrations of capital, people, and practices. This article proposes that border policing in the wake of September 11, 2001, surfaces the long-standing relative incoherence of U.S. geopolitical and geoeconomic practice. The author describes the border as a security/economy nexus in U.S. statecraft. This article examines the militarization and transnationalization of the U.S. war on drugs as a liberal technique for identifying populations that must be governed in other ways. It begins by placing its relationship with the rise of the penal state in the context of neoliberalism in the U.S., then examines the geopolitics of its transnationalization in context of neoliberal governance in the Americas, and finishes by examining some of the empirical outcomes of this articulation between neoliberalization and punitive illiberalization in the Americas. It presents political geographical research that links globalization and criminalization and maps out the geographically particular and historically continuous ways in the context of the war on drugs. This is the official website of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). It has accurate information about drug trafficking in each U.S. state. It also provides government press releases and the official view of the U.S. Government on the border situation and the role of drug trafficking and the cartels in its policing. This website traces the history of the drug trafficking between Mexico and the U. S. from 1998-2009. It also identifies the attempts that both countries are making to stop this war. It provides links to hundreds of other articles on the

Organization Development and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Organization Development and Change - Essay Example Employees may not talk about these principles every day, but they reflect on these values when there are issues at work. In a way, employees judge the organization’s performance against its values. Should there be changes made to an organization, one of the first things that the employees would do is analyze if the process and result of the proposed changes would be aligned with cultural principles. If it does, the employees will acquiesce. If it does not, they will certainly complain and not cooperate. If they have doubts, they will voice it out and challenge the company as what happened with IBM. (Cummings, T. & Worley. C., 2008) In the reading, culture was used to facilitate merger and acquisition integration processes when the CEO epitomized the newly-established values of the company. The CEO trusted first and second level managers with a certain amount of money to spend on activities that would promote productiveness, eliminating the delays caused by going through finance departments and getting approvals. By promoting cultural principles, the CEO was able to encourage the employees to revisit their opinion of the company and adjust their behavior. As such more opportunities were made available to the IBM and the company effectively transitioned from their past beliefs and practices to the new ones. As manifested in the reading, cultural change started from the CEO and the strategies and decisions he made to steer the organization towards the much needed change. As one of the studies conducted in the field has discovered, leadership greatly influences the outcome of cultural change. (Heidrich, B., 2002) The same study listed being role models, making decisions that directly influence the value system, and practicing efficient methods of decision-making as possible ways a leader can change a company’s culture. The use of

Unfairly or illegally obtained evidence should always be excluded to Essay

Unfairly or illegally obtained evidence should always be excluded to uphold the integrity of the criminal justice system. Discuss - Essay Example s and jurists alike argue that if evidence is obtained unfairly or illegally it is suspect and undermines not only the integrity of the evidence but the integrity of the criminal justice system as well. This discussion examines these safeguards and whether or not they sufficiently maintain the integrity of the criminal justice system. Section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act as interpreted by the courts has a double agenda. It seeks to ensure that a defendant is afforded his Convention right to a fair trial as contained in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.1 Its second purpose is to ensure that all relevant evidence is admitted where ever possible and at the same time provide for the defendant’s right to a fair trial. Section 78 provides as follows: â€Å"In any proceedings the court may refuse to allow evidence on which the prosecution proposes to rely to be given if it appears to the court that, having regard to all the circumstances, including the circumstances in which the evidence was obtained, the admission of the evidence would have such an adverse effect on the fairness of the proceedings that the court ought not to admit it."2 In interpreting Section 78 the courts have taken a position entirely geared toward an element of fairness and in this way the discretion to include unfairly or illegally obtained evidence does not compromise the integrity of the criminal justice system. While Section 78 of the 1984 Act has given rise to a plethora of case law decisions, Professor Richard Stone maintains that the underlying approach by the courts is one of â€Å"fairness as fair play.†3 The judiciary has consistently displayed a propensity to remain loyal to the House of Lords decision in R v Sang [1980] AC 402 in its reading and interpretation of Section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The cumulative value of the Lords’ position on the admission into evidence of unfairly or illegally obtained evidence is

Current issues regarding immigrants in the U.S Essay

Current issues regarding immigrants in the U.S - Essay Example These immigrants largely affect the country in terms of its economy, legislation, national security, population growth and other national and legal issues. Likewise, the current immigration system in the United States of America is a very important topic because it concerns the security, social, political, and economic aspect of the country. On the other end, it also concerns the welfare of millions of people who migrated from other countries all over the world to America. In line with this, it is realized that a considerable time must be devoted in discussing the current immigration in the United States of America. Moreover, a reform must be done to further improve the immigration system of the country to maximize the benefits that can be derived both for the immigrants and for the country. On this memorandum, it presents the three most pressing issues regarding immigrants in the U.S. as these issues have current situations that are considered most problematic. It then offers and di scusses a possible solution for each issue regarding immigrants in the country. Lastly, the implications of the proposed solutions are related to different interest groups. 1.2 IMMIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES For many years, immigration contributed a large percentage on the population growth of America. The United States of America has been the number one destination for immigrants seeking a place to realize their desired lives, thus gives birth to the â€Å"American Dream†. In 2006, the United Nations reported that the total immigrant population in the world amounts to approximately 186,579,300 and 20.56% of which is in the United States of America (â€Å"International Migration†). The America has almost four times that of Russia’s 6.47% which has the second most number of immigrants in the world. In another account, the 2009 American Community Survey of the United States Census Bureau shows that there are 38,517,234 immigrants in the United States (â€Å"Mig ration Policy Institute†). That is about 12.5% of the U.S. population which is significant enough to affect many aspects of the United States as a country. The number of immigrants in the U.S. continues to increase by 700,000 each year (â€Å"Real Problem with Immigration†). Problems to regulate the number of immigrants in the U.S. initiate legislative reform on the immigration system of the country. 1.3 PREVIOUS IMMIGRATION REFORM BILLS It is recognized that there were previous efforts to reform the immigration system of the United States through immigration reform acts. In the past three decades, there were three notable bills that were passed in the House of Representatives and in the Senate. These are the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Border Protection, Anti-terrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005, and Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 (Segal, Elliott and Mayadas 32). For the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, its maj or provisions are legalization for undocumented aliens who entered the country since 1982 and certain agricultural workers, sanctions for employers who hire illegal immigrants and increased enforcement at U.S. borders (â€Å"Immigration Reform†). The Border Protection, Anti-terrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 aims to implement increased security at the U.S. border to prevent illegal immigrants

Indigenous Peoples Essay Example for Free

Indigenous Peoples Essay The peak of the globalization is mostly felt when every culture around the world is integrated into a centrally focused ideal that encapsulates each unique cultural set-up practiced around the world. When all these cultures are somehow connected in something that both caters to each need of the various cultures of people and introduces an open understanding and tolerance to all the available sub-cultures within a particular state or nation, there is no question that globalization has taken its effect to its most fundamentally successful level. Such is the case after reading the book A Global History of Indigenous Peoples by Ken S. Coates that, according to some reviews, â€Å"examines the history of the indigenous/tribal peoples of the world and the work spans of the period from the pivotal migrations which saw the peopling of the world, and further examines the processes by which tribal peoples established themselves as separate from surplus-based and more material societies (Barnes and Noble). † The book is also a successful introduction to how the impact of the differing policies of global struggles of cultural domination takes place in the world and how the colonization of these changes has impacted the indigenous cultures. As a form of analysis in the chapter of the book entitled Continuing the Struggle: Indigenous Protests, Legal Agendas, and Aboriginal Internationalism, it would be great to highlight how the impact of globalization made the integration of the different indigenous cultures in some leading countries successful. In this aspect, no country is better to analyze and cite as an example than the great cultural history of the indigenous rights movement in Canada. Moreover, the analysis in this given area should focus both on how the indigenous rights movement in Canada has been integrated into the globalization integration of cultures and to how this degree has been made manifest in the uniqueness of the indigenous rights culture of the particular state. Secondly, an analysis on how this uniqueness has been able to relate to the international scenario of protests and processes that are forming the cultural integration of all the major cultures practiced in our time, is also very important. Degree of the Indigenous rights Movement in Canada When we discuss the indigenous rights movement in Canada, the most immediate things we can think about and can connect to the book of Ken S. Coates are the aboriginal nature of Canadians to value the basic human right of living, the practice of democracy in their lifestyle and the value of the self-respect and integrity among their people. In the first indigenous rights movement, the main concern is essentially concentrated on the discrimination shown by the non-indigenous people to the basic rights of living of the indigenous ones. This is mostly felt by the Canadians in the aspect of their housing plans and the way they construct and develop the indigenous livelihood and community. With this problem, the degree of the indigenous rights movement in Canada is in a level so widespread, that it has already caught the attention of the United Nations. In this aspect alone, it could be said that the indigenous rights movement in Canada has been made unique because of its unrelenting value for the preservation of the rights of indigenous living. The second indigenous rights movement that is unique to Canadians is mostly concerned with the practice of democracy in the lifestyle of the indigenous people. The Amnesty International Canada article report laying out the legislative proposals for the respect of the rights of the Indigenous rights of Canadians is one of the great examples on how this movement is unique to the Canadians living an indigenous lifestyle. (Amnesty International Website) The third indigenous rights movement that has created a certain level of high degree of respect and practice among the indigenous Canada is the respect for the rights of women and the condemning of any type of human abuse. This indigenous rights movement is one of those unique Canadian struggles that have been recognized so greatly by the world, the U. N. even made sure that these new requests by the indigenous people would become part of the new legislation addressing indigenous rights across the globe. Connection to broader international protests and processes In a great general approach, it would be safe to say that these unique indigenous rights movement have been so great and effective in attempting to universalize all the other international protests on human rights, that many of the breakthrough movements across the world have already used these ideas as an ideal platform for all future proposals of addressing indigenous rights. One of the many examples we can cite for this connection is the creation of the Indigenous people’s legislation concerning the ratification of ILO Convention 169 (the Indigenous and Tribal peoples) of the United Nations. This, along with the many global movements in addressing the global challenge of integrating indigenous cultures across the globe, is a significant international political process that, among many other things, gives light to the many demands of universalizing the indigenous rights of people in different nations. Secondly, it would also be great to highlight that many of the legislation found in the proposals advancing the rights of ownership, the respect for the rights of women and the anti-discrimination act of Canadian indigenous communities have also become great tools in understanding the great resolution of the differing conflicts between the different religions globally that have been caused by the great misunderstanding of cultures. These are the clear international process that have been caused by the Canadian indigenous rights movement.

Are Video Games Good For Children Children And Young People Essay

Are Video Games Good For Children Children And Young People Essay For that matter, are video games good for adults. Has anyone ever seen the effects of prolonged exposure to video games and the effects it has on someones family or the community? As a father, I have dealt with negative effects of video games first hand. There have been numerous studies and debates on the subject of video games and the effects, whether positive or negative, they have on children. Video games are not good for children because of the negative effects to a childs behavior and overall health. Violent tendencies Children that play violent orientated video games have displayed violent tendencies toward others. There have been numerous studies and research conducted, on violent video games played by children, which suggest that children may become more aggressive after playing (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010) those types of games and the conclusion behind this reasoning, are three traits of the personality, which are high neuroticism, disagreeableness, and low levels of conscientiousness (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010). Playing violent orientated video games cause children to act and think aggressively (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010). These conditions may cause children to commit violent acts or behavior. Violent Behavior In addition to increased aggression, children who play violent video games are associated with increased violent behavior (Souccar, 2012). Because of this behavior, there have been multiple despicable acts such as the Virginia Tech shootings where a gunman killed over thirty people in 2007(Lee, Finley, 2011). In 1999, another devastating act in Columbine, Colorado, two teenage gunmen entered a school with weapons, killed twelve students and a teacher, before taking their own lives (Belanger, Wagner, 2011). Eric Harris and Dylan Kiebold were frequent players and program contributors to a violent video game called Doom (Lee, Finley, 2011). Children or teens, that do not commit violent acts, may still display pathologic behavior. Pathologic Behavior Children that play video games exhibit pathologic behavior. There are many warning signs of pathologic behavior, such as lying about or hiding how much time is spent playing or disobeying parental limits; losing interest in sports and hobbies; choosing the game over time with friends; and continuing to play despite plummeting grades(Wagner, 2008). This is a very touchy subject in my household. My thirteen year old step-son has exhibited pathologic behavior because of video games. When the neighbors kids come to ask him to play outside, he refuses and has continued playing his games. His grades at school have suffered because he does not concentrate on doing his homework and worries more about playing video games. He has told a few lies, thrown tantrums, kicked walls and our washing machine, and is constantly disrespectful to his siblings, my wife and myself. My step-son has also exhibits signs of video game addiction. Video Game Addictions Children with video game addictions, if left untreated, could have disastrous effects as adults. There are millions of people all over the world who love to play video games, either on game systems or online social media, but that love for the video games turns into tragedy for those with video game addictions. According to Lee and Finley (2011), a couple in Korea went to a local establishment to feed their video game addiction, only to return home over five hours later to find their four month old baby girl dead because she was left alone. Also according to Lee and Finley (2011), parents in Reno, Nevada were arrested after their obsession with video games caused them to neglect to feed their two young children. Increase of Video Game Addictions The increase of video games addictions has prompted the opening of clinics in countries such as the Netherlands, United States, China, and other countries around the world, to help combat the effects of video game addiction (Belanger, Wagner, 2011). Also stated, by Belanger and Wagner (2011), the Council on Science and Public Health recently proposed adding video gaming addiction to a list of formal disorders, such as drug addiction. Video game addictions and its symptoms mirror other addictions so closely, that it was almost classified as an official psychiatric disorder (Lee, Finley, 2011) by the American Medical Association (AMA) in 2007. With all of the negative effects of video games, such as addictions, there are good video games children can play. Good Video Games There are many video games that are good for children. Over the past few years, there have been many advances in good video games and game systems, such as the Wii from Nintendo and the EyeToy Kinetic from Sony, which engage the players with the game (Barros, et al, 2012). I and my family have played games on both systems, The Wii system controller is held by the player which controls the actions of the avatar on the screen. The Kinetic system is similar, but the player controls the movement of the avatar with his/her body movements through the use of a camera. One game that is used to induce physical activity, with both gaming systems, is a game called Dance, Dance, Dance (Barros, et al, 2012). The players are actively involved in the games that they are playing and are increasing their heart rate and physical activity. These Exergames (Barros, et al, 2012) are promoting exercise and physical fitness. Even though there are good video games, there are still other negative effects, su ch as inactivity from playing non-active games, which may induce childhood obesity. Childhood Obesity For children that do not have access to those types of games, cant afford the games, or just dont care to play them, often play the games that they have, for long periods of time, which leads to the lack of physical activity, and the onset of childhood obesity (Childhood Obesity, n.d.). A report, issued by the U.S. Department of Health Human Services, mentions a few reasons children may play video games for long periods of time. It may be the lack of parental control, being left alone by their parents for hours at a time, or just having to stay inside because of safety concerns (Childhood Obesity, n.d.). There is a growing concern, from parents such as myself, that children are becoming lazy from the lack of exercise because of video games. This lack of exercise contributes to weight gain and obesity. I have a personal connection with this subject because a member of my family was constantly playing video games, not getting any physical exercise, became a social outcast, and over a short period of time became obese. Video Games Are Not Good Video games are not good for children because some children exhibit too many pathologic behaviors and display violent tendencies because of video games. Children become addicted to video games which may carry over into their adulthood; they may lose all sense of reality, and their addiction to video games may become so severe, that tragedies happen because of that addiction. For other children, they may become obese because of the lack of physical activity. There are an abundance of good video games for children to play, but as a parent, I have been a witness to most of these negative effects for over 10 years and I am not going to let my step-son or any of my children play video games excessively. I will control how much time is spent playing video games; make sure that they take extended periods away from video games to get their homework completed and to get daily exercise.

Grendel, John Gardner Analysis

Grendel, John Gardner Analysis In John Gardners Grendel, he presents Grendel as a truly unique character. Gardner portrays Grendel as a misunderstood, confused yet a complex creature. Whom he humanizes. I feel that by portraying him this way, Gardner shows how there are two sides to each story. This makes him more relatable to the reader. Grendel is monstrous, but not brutish. Grendel is a character who is capable of learning, thinking, feeling emotions and communicating. Personally what attracts me to Grendel is his curiosity. Readers can relate to Grendel in many ways. He knows that his actions are cruel, yet he wants to understand why he persists in them. Grendel has been at war with the Danes and it was twelfth year of his idiotic war (5).Grendel knows that his war with the Danes is a cycle, which involves him killing people but he still continues it. He knows what he is doing is stupid and idiotic because he describes it as idiotic (5). I feel that the reason he still goes on with the war is because he is curious to find out why he does the thing he does .I think he is hoping for an epiphany. Grendel is longing for an answer. The curiosity of Grendel, gives the reader the reasoning behind his attacks and this makes him more understandable to the reader. Like humans Grendel is able to learn quickly. He learns a lot about himself and the world while he is trapped in the tree. While he was up on the tree, Grendel realizes that the whole world is unstable. In other words, he thinks that the world is chaotic and violent. I understood that, finally and absolute, I alone exist (22), Grendel realizes that he is alone in this world. Through the entire novel it has been a learning process for him. During his first encounter he learns that humans are no dull mechanical bull (27) but they were the most dangerous thing (27) he has ever met. His first encounter with humans made him want to learn more about the humans and this is why he watched humans. He would watch them from the eaves of the forest (30), he wanted to know more about humans. He felt a connection with humans, even though they misunderstood him and attacked him. I think he found more of a connection with humans that with his own mother because they had similar traits such as thinki ng, learning and curiosity. I feel that Grendel is an intelligent creature because he is able to use what he has learned from past observations. He knew that the Danes were doomed (53), Grendel has seen people fight each other and destroy each other and he knew that the same fate awaited them. The way that Gardner portrays Grendels rationalization and his ability to learn show how much of a complex character he is. He was able to recognize humans have a similar language. Grendel like humans is also able to feel emotions. This is what separates him from the all the other creatures. When Grendel was stuck in the tree trunk, he bellowed for [his] mother (27). I feel sympathy for Grendel because he reminds me of a child .His behavior is childlike. He is in search of love just like any other child. Grendel is scared just like any child would be. By Gardner humanizing Grendel he is able to draw sympathy towards him. After sparing Unferth, each time he sees him, he roll[s] on the floor with laughter is mocking him (90). Grendel is able to feel and shows that he knows that humans have feeling too because he knows each time he mocks Unferth he knows that it kills him a little on the inside. When Grendel encounters Wealtheow, he describes her as beautiful [and] as innocent as dawn on winter hills (100).Wealtheow tore [him] apart as once the shapers song had done (100).Grendel is moved by her beauty. He had the greatest admiration (144) for her. Grendels ability to think attracts the reader because ability to think separates human from animals. He is a bit of philosopher. He seeks, like an existentialist philosopher, to understand the nature of his being and to bring his nature to completion. He understands that the world was nothing (21).He understands the world is nothing and that a person define meaning to their life. His existential views are also shown when he was tempted to whisper, all of us must sooner or later pass (145). He understands that people are only here for a short period of time. With his encounter with the dragon, he understands the dragon could lie. He was evil enough (71).I feel this shows how complex Grendels thinking ability is. He can synthesize information about the dragon, after meeting with him and uses reasoning to figure out that he couldnt trust the dragon. He doubts the dragon. I feel that this shows his ability to think because doubt is caused by thinking and analyzing information and assessi ng the validity of the information. Finally Grendel is a character who is full of pride. He thinks that he is better than other creature. He considers other creatures as low-life. He wonders why cant these creatures discover a little dignity (6). He thinks he is better than the bull because he has dignity. When he was fighting with Beowulf he thinks he is better than humans. He thinks he can escape him (169).He thinks that he is better than humans. Point of view In John Gardners Grendel, Grendel, both the main character and narrator of the story, narrates the story from a first person point of view. I feel that this adds a personal touch to the story because all the emotions he describes are raw emotions. As I go through Grendels life, I am sympathetic towards him because of his raw emotions. Because it is told from the first person perspective, the emotions described are the same exact emotions Grendel felt. I think the reason Gardner chose to tell it from Grendels point of view because there are always two sides to each story. In the epic, Grendel is portrayed as a simply monster who is plain evil and has no emotions what so ever. Gardner gives a chance for Grendel to tell his side of the story. Grendels first encounter with men, they consider him as a spirit (25).The significance of this experience is not how he encounter men for the first time but how the people reacted towards him. They misunderstood him from the get go. They didnt even try to understand him. At one point they though he was a fungus (24). Gardner uses Grendel to convey the idea that bullies are like monsters in a sense because no one tries to understand them. People jump to conclusions without knowing all the facts like how they classified Grendel as a spirit without having any concrete evidence that proves he is a spirit. Another example is when Grendels mouth moved but nothing would come out (26) and they assume th at Grendel is hungry. Then they mistaken him as an enemy, and the king hurdles an axe towards at [Grendel] (27). I feel bad for Grendel because everyone misunderstands him. Grendel telling the story makes us feel pity towards him which was lacking in the original Beowulf. In the epic Grendel was a monster who was pure evil but in Grendel, he is almost childlike which makes us feel pity towards him. When he was being attacked by humans, he bellowed for his mother (27) just like how a child would call out for his mom when the kid is being picked on. In Beowulf he is portrayed as an evil monster that was fearless and his mind set on killing but in Grendel he admits being afraid of them (79). Grendel being narrated in first person adds a personal touch to the novel. Because the main character narrates the novel, raw emotion is described. Who is better to describe how he feels than Grendel. Throughout the novel, I get to know what exactly what Grendel is feeling and what is going through his mind. For example during his first raid, he felt an unearthly joy (79).Because he describes this as a first person, it feels personal and the emotions see, strong but this would be lost if it was narrated in third person. Being narrated in first person amplifies the emotions. For example after attacking, he decided, meaningless to kill her (110). We know what is going through his head, this amplifies any emotion we have towards Grendel. We would feel differently towards Grendel if it was said through someone else. One thing that is lost through first person point of view is the truth. The facts are clouded because we have a limited perspective. We only see one side of the story, in this case Grendels side on how the events happened. Grendel narrates the story in past tense so his feelings are clouded with how he feels at the moment. For example I have eaten several priests. They sit on the stomach like duck eggs (129).He might have felt differently when he had actually eaten them but reflecting on it, he feels they were like duck eggs. Themes One of the predominate themes in Grendel is the need for community. Throughout the novel, Grendel is in search of community. Grendel desperately tries to fit in a community, but he will always be an outsider. Grendel tries to join the human community when he went to the hall and cried out friend! Friend! (52). He wanted to be part of the human community but he wasnt accepted. The way people reacted towards him was they tried to kill him. He would observe human behavior. Season after season he would watch from the high cliff wall (37) and observe humans and how they fought. Why would he observe humans if he didnt want to be part of their community. He is definitely intrigued by them. At times Grendel would feel alone and ugly (17).Grendel relates being alone to ugliness so he needs companionship to feel good about himself. I feel that Grendel has a need for community is because he doesnt want to be alone. He has no one to talk to. His own mother cant communicate with him. He is in se arch of a companion. He is jealous of the shaper because he has people to talk to (53).Even though he wants companionship with humans he knows he will never fit in. Grendel sees many benefits and flaws with humans. I think Gardner is addressing the benefits and drawbacks of human community through Grendel. One of the benefits he sees with community is teamwork. He called humans Crafty-witted killers that worked in teams (31) He admires their team work. Another benefit he sees of community is how they would listen to each other at meadhall tables (32).The problems that he sees with community is how much they waste. When he came to the hall he say cows in their pens lay burbling blood through their nostrils, with javelin holes in their neck. None had been eaten (33) .Another problem he had seen with communities was war. He observed how the wars began (34)He saw all the destruction of wars. Another predominate theme in Grendel is art. The shaper plays a huge part in this theme. Grendel is so enticed by the shaper that he wanted to part of his stories. He was so enticed that the sharper made him believe that he was part of the dark side (51).He was addicted to shapers story and kept coming back for more. The Shapers songs implant in Grendel a sense of despair and longing for emotional contact. He at first attempts to repent and embrace the ideology of the humans in exchange of acceptance, but when he is rejected he instead decides to fall in to the role which the Shaper had assigned him. His idea of the Shaper changes after his encounter with the dragon. He realizes that the shaper is just like everyone else and that it was all an illusion (62).The way they change the world through the arts in craft is by changing is history. History is told by the victor. Shaper tells people what they want to hear. In the epic Grendel is a character of pure evil with no good intention in his heart that is if he has a heart. Gardner, on the other hand uses a different approach in Grendel. In Grendel, Gardner shows some sign of goodness in him. On act of goodness is when he decides not to kill Unferth. Unferth passes out and Grendel decides to pick him up gently and carried him home (90).He feels pity towards him and decides not to kill him. Another act of goodness is when he decides not to kill. Grendel cannot see himself past the monster that he is. Every time he does something bad he feels guilty, but every time he does something good he feels like a sissy and a bad monster. Grendel is a monster because he accepts his role as a monster. When new people show up he is mad with joy (151) because he now has new people to terrorize. If he didnt accept his role as a monster why would be in his twelfth year. Grendel has different idea of good and evil. To him humans are evil because they would constantly fight each other. He would watch the fighting going on all that summer and begin again the next (36).He sees how fighting leads to destruction. Setting Grendels cave has a both a symbolic and a literal meaning. In his mothers cave large old shapes with smoldering eyes sat watching me. A continuous grumble came out of their mouths; their backs were humped. Then little by little it dawned on me that the eyes that seemed to bore into my body were in fact gazing through (16).When he awakens Grendel describes the cave as dark (23). The caves symbolize darkness and the evil within it. They are associated with each other because darkness can evoke fear and that is what both the caves and monsters do. The cave in this novel can be used in both literal and symbolic ways because a monster, Grendel, lives inside of it. The cave also represents the fact that they are not always evil because Grendel is not portrayed as a completely evil creature. The most interesting thing about Hart to Grendel is the people. He learns about what happens to them when they become angry or when they decide to work together. He is impressed by their organization. Grendel is impressed by how Hrothgar shown them the strength of his organization (37).It is a symbol of how complex the human race can be. What Hart means to them is home. They all gather their and share their lives. It symbolizes their strength to live through all of the things that happen to them. Hart is a place where they can socialize because it was a place where where they would listen to each other.(32) It also symbolizes unity because they can accomplish many things when they work together.   I dont think that Grendel fully understands the physical conditions of the human world because, while he wants to be a part of them, he doesnt know what its like to be part of a community, and just getting information through observation isnt enough when its about culture and tradition. The most striking thing that Grendel finds about the way humans live is their ability to make patterns and create faà §ades over the real world to make it appear the way they want it to. Grendel feels that the physical world is not really there. He feels that Grendel is the only living thing that is truly there and living. He feels like he is the only one that matters at all. Everything else is  just space for him to move around in because he create[s] the whole universe, blink by blink (22).He feels that the world is just one big machine with no thoughts of its own. Only he, Grendel, is truly alive and intelligent.

Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of Education One of the most privileged professions in the world today is teaching. Teachers can influence the youth of a culture in a way no one else can. Teachers have the honorable responsibility of education. Students develop mentally, socially, and ethically within the realm of academic education. While in this critical stage of development, students are given the laboratory of the classroom to test themselves in ways that are more risky after graduation. Teachers play a crucial role in this laboratory. I believe that the most important way I can serve my students while fulfilling this role is to have positive expectations, to continually reflect on my teaching habits and performance, and to use literature as a way to empower my students to be successful personally and professionally. I believe each student should be treated as an individual, and positive expectations should guide my interaction with each individual. Students have the potential and capability to achieve the highest success, and I will treat each of them with this in mind. Students should always believe this about themselves, and they are not going to unless others believe it with them. The development of a student’s self worth is very important during the middle and high school years. I believe many students fail academically because they don’t believe they are able to succeed, or they don’t value their success academically. These students need positive reinforcement and high expectations. Some students are set up to fail before they even enter the school building; a poor home environment can have negative effects on a student’s self worth and ability to study. These students need understanding, accommodations, and positive encourage... ...o help them make their own responsible decisions. After all, in a few years, they will be completely independent and should have practiced making their own decisions. I want to encourage my students to form their opinions about the choices they want to make through sound experiences and information before they get in the specific situations, thus making more informed and thoughtful decisions "in the moment." While entertaining the issues of culture itself, I would like to equip my students with the tools needed to read, write, comprehend, and verbally articulate their well-formulated ideas. By embedding the grammar, writing, reading, and critical thinking skills within the teaching of a a relative text, I hope to stretch the minds of my students more than just academically, but even in their development as a person. Literature can reach students in ways that I cannot.

A Seperate Peace Essay -- essays research papers

A Separate Peace Essay In the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the protagonist, Gene Forrester â€Å"battled† within himself to find â€Å"a separate peace† and in this process directed his emotions at Phineas, his roommate. Forrester and Phineas formed the illusion of a great companionship, but there was a â€Å"silent rivalry† between them in Forrester’s mind. Self deceptions in Forrester led him to believe that Phineas was â€Å"out to get him† (Forrester). Subconsciously Forrester jounced the limb of the tree and forced Phineas to fall and break his leg. Phineas found out the truth of his â€Å"accident† with the help of Leper Lepellier and Brinker Hadley, who were friends that attended Devon High School. Gene Forrester’s conflict between his resentment of and loyalty toward Phineas’ personality and athletic abilities was resolved by the death of Phineas. Gene Forrester and Phineas formed an illusion of a great companionship, which was sincere when they jumped from the â€Å"forbidden† tree. â€Å"We were the best of friends at that moment,† said Forrester when he remembered the instant (Knowles 10). Forrester â€Å"looked deeper† into his relationship with Phineas and became jealous of his talents, â€Å"I was beginning to see that Phineas could get away with anything. I couldn’t help envying that a little, which was perfectly normal† (18). A â€Å"silent rivalry† was developed between Forrester and in his mind Phineas. Forrester attempted to become â€Å"better† than Phineas by studying more and maintaining a highe...

Romanticism and Delacroix

Eugene Dielectric's Contributions to Romanticism Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delicacies was a French artist, best known for his significant contributions to the Romantic Movement during the early sass. Throughout his career as an artist, Delicacies has produced over 9,000 art works. As such the thesis for this paper will focus on acknowledging Eugene Dielectric's influence and contributions to Romanticism. Delicacies was born in Charleston-SST. Maurice, near Paris on April 1798. His father, Charles Delicacies died in 1805, followed by his mother in 1814, leaving the 16-years- old Delicacies an orphan.Arguably, having lost both parent's at such an early age might have had an affect on his personal style. His themes were rather dark, creating a sense of supernatural mood. Moreover he did not present life as beautiful or pretty, but rather in a mysterious and sinister manner. In 1815, Delicacies attended the school of fine arts in Paris and began training with Pierre-Narcosis Gu ©rain in the neoclassical style. However, he became strongly influenced by the more rich and colorful style of earlier artists like Peter Paul Rueben and Paolo Everyone.Such a style emphasized more on color and movement rather Han clear outline and strict form, which later became known as the Romantic style. Although Delicacies has produced numerous extravagant works during this period of time, it was not until 1830 in which he came up with his best known and perhaps most influential work, ‘Liberty Leading the People'. Partly inspired by The ©adore G ©racialist's Raft of the Medusa, Liberty Leading the People was considered as Dielectric's significant step in his romantic work.The painting clearly confirms the differences between the romantic style of painting, which emphasized color and spirit, and the neoclassical style, which emphasized line and form. In addition, symbolically, Delicacies portrayed Liberty as both a depiction of goddess, and a normal yet strong and determined wo man of the people. This idea was rather new and was widely criticized at the time. Another point to acknowledge is that Delicacies chose a woman to represent liberty and freedom.This may be explained by the role of women at the time, whereby a woman is basically viewed as a piece of property to a man, they have no say or opinion in any matters. Therefore, since Liberty Leading the People was initially painted to commemorate the July Revolution in 1830, which peopled Charles X of France. The metaphor of a woman trying to break free from traditional norms reflects how the French people broke away and overthrew the monarchy. The painting has been regarded as a milestone in history, marking the end to the French Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, and the beginning of the Romantic era.Later in 1832, Delicacies Journeyed to Spain and North Africa. The main purpose of his visit was not to study art, but to escape from the civilization of Paris, seeking a closer place to nature and in hope of seeing a different culture. During his travel, Delicacies became more interested in using animals as his subjects of painting (â€Å"Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable† and â€Å"The Lion Hunt†). Displaying the raw energy and power of these animals helped in the expression of Romanticism. Later in his life, Delicacies received many commissions from government in Paris.Some of his assignments included ; decorating the King's Chamber in Appall Bourbon, library of Chamber De Deputes, and the Chamber des Paris, as well as, the Chapel of Holy Sacrament at Saint-Denis. These assignments gave him the opportunity to follow n the footsteps of those artists he admired (Everyone, Tinderbox, and Rueben), by being able to paint on a very large scale. During this time, Delicacies was able to experiment with various surfaces and shapes: domes, ceilings, semi domes, pilasters, etc. Enabling him to further exercise his imagination. However, due to the hard work and a weakening h ealth condition, Delicacies became ill and eventually died in 1863, leaving a grand total of 9,149 works. In conclusion, it is undeniable the importance of the role that Eugene Delicacies had played in the Romantic Movement. Delicacies had the courage to challenge the norms f the neoclassical style and was able to enhance and perfect the Romantic style amidst the negative controversies from the old-school critics.Furthermore, his passion for the exotic and the unconventional, which led him venturing into places like Morocco, eventually became an inspiration for the Symbolist movement. All in all, Dielectric's untamed expression of energy, and movement in his works; coupled with his obsession with violent, destruction, and the tragedy of life; and his unique selection of vivid colors have made him one of the most fascinating and complex artistic figures in all of art's history.

Mathimatical knowledge and a link to the real world

Outside school, real-life jobs and state of affairss for which mathematical cognition may be utile frequently do non show themselves in such familiar signifiers. The single must interpret the state of affairs or job into a signifier that exposes the relevancy and utility of mathematics. If pupils are unpracticed at such a procedure, the possible power of mathematics to assist cover with the state of affairss and jobs of their life may non be to the full realized and may besides ensue to jobs. Researchs have shown that bulk of pupils are sing jobs in mathematics. The importance of mathematics is likely ignored because of pupils ‘ public presentation over the topic ( Kulak,1993 ) . Globally, about all pupils are kicking about failure in mathematics because of negative attitude over the topic. ( Betz, 1978 ; cited by Zakaria, 2010 ) . Ashcraft ( 2002 ; cited by Hopper, 2010 ) supposes, because of math anxiousness which has developed because of negative experience about mathematics, pupils tend to avoid mathematics which could take to failure. Harmonizing to a research conducted in Florida, the per centum of pupils who failed in math additions ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.tbo.com/content/2009/oct/21/college-students-need-help-required-math-classes/news-breaking/ ) . Harmonizing to Tobias ( 1993 ; cited by Philips, 2010 ) , 1000000s of grownups are blocked from professional and personal chances because they fear or perform ill in mathematics, these negative experiences remain throughout their grownup lives. Furthermore, negative attitudes towards mathematics can do cryings of defeats ( Sollesta, 2007 ) . This could ensue to ignorance of Numberss which could take to battles in simple minus and add-on. In the Philippines, Filipino pupils are holding jobs when it comes to math proficiency ( Malipot, 2009 ) . In fact, merely a few per centum crossed the 75-percent degree in math in the 2006 National Achievement Test ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.undp.org.ph/ ? link=news & A ; news_id=231 & A ; fa=1 ) . In add-on, A figure of pupils are dropping mathematics aside from scientific discipline classs normally before and even after scrutiny ( E. Senajon et Al ; in www.philjol.info/index.php/EACRB/article/viewPDFIntersritial/ †¦ 1286. ) . This is an indicant of an bing perennial job because of negative mathematics attitude that has been overlooked by concerned offices and section. The job of mathematics attitude leads to the preparation of different schemes to bring on the involvement of the pupils to analyze mathematics. In fact, the Department of Education ( Ronda, 2009 ) created a scheme to promote public school kids to read every bit good as appreciate mathematics. On the other manus, failure because negative attitude over mathematics can take to miss of assurance to most Filipino pupils ( Chua, 2006 ) , which is possibly a greatest obstruction to acquisition because beliefs govern a individual. The belief that they can non make something may force pupils unable to execute a undertaking of which they are genuinely capable. Locally, peculiarly in Cor Jesu College, a figure of pupils failed in mathematics topics specifically in the Division of Business and Accountancy based from the bluebook where failed pupils are listed. This research is conducted for the intent of cognizing the relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation to selected first twelvemonth Bachelor Science in Accountancy pupils.Theoretical ModelIn old researches ( Di Martino & A ; Zan, 2001, 2002, 2003 ; Zan & A ; Di Martino, 2003 ) deficiency of theoretical lucidity that characterizes research on attitude has been the issue of most research workers. The deficiency of theoretical model that characterizes research on attitude toward mathematics is partly shown by the fact that a big part of surveies about attitude do non supply a clear definition of the concept itself: attitude tends instead to be defined implicitly and a posteriori through the instruments used to mensurate it ( Leder, 1985 ; Daskalogianni & A ; Simpson, 2000 ) . This survey is anchored with Cognitive-Gestalt theory. Harmonizing to Burns ( 1995 ; cited in hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsd/2_learn/theories.html ) the accent of this theory is on the importance of experience, significance, problem-solving and the development of penetrations. Which proves that the public presentation of the pupil depends on their experiences either at place or in school and how they give intending to it.s In the facet of instructor ‘s behaviour and its scheme, Weiner ‘s ascription analysis supposes that pupils ‘ operation is affected by the instructors ‘ emotional and behavioural reactions ( Stipek, 2002 ; p-73 ) which means, pupils ‘ public presentation in the schoolroom can be brought about by instructor ‘s behaviour or attack towards the pupils and the topic itself. In add-on, Weiner ‘s ascription analysis brings in clear beliefs that the schoolroom is the topographic point where judgement is conveyed, non merely when it comes to pupils ‘ behaviour but besides the instructor ‘s response toward the pupils ( Stipek, 2002 ; p-73 ) . Silva, Tadeo, Delos Reyes, & A ; Dadigan ( hypertext transfer protocol: //math.usm.my/research/OnlineProc/ED12.pdf, 2009 ) , assume that despite how knowing the instructors are in learning math, it is still non plenty to learn the pupils and incorporate that cognition towards acquisition. On the other manus, public presentation in mathematics can besides be rooted from anxiousness. Harmonizing to Stodolsky ( 1975 ; cited by Stipek, 2002 ) mathematics direction that is fostered in pupils stating that mathematics is something that is learned from an authorization which can non be figured out on one ‘s ain. Stodolsky supposes that the pupils perceive the topic as hard to analyze on 1s ability and instead necessitating an authorization to larn the topic. This authorization is the instructor as mentioned by Stodolsky. The conceptual model of the survey elaborated the relationship between Mathematicss Attitude ( independent variable ) which was measured into three dimensions: ( a ) Cognitive dimension, ( B ) Behavioral dimension, and ( degree Celsius ) Affective dimension ; and Mathematics Performance of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Freshmen, school twelvemonth 2010-2011 in the topic, College Algebra and Accounting 1. The See Fig.1Conceptual ModelIndependent Variable Dependent VariableMathematicss AttitudeAffectional DimensionBehavioral DimensionCognitive DimensionMathematicss Performance inCollege AlgebraAccounting 1Fig. 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the StudyStatement of the ProblemThis research was examined the relationship between mathematics and mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation of Bachelor of Science in Accountancy ( BSA ) freshers, school twelvemonth 2010-2011. Specifically, it will besides try to happen the replies of the undermentioned sub-problems: What is the profile of the pupils ‘ mathematics attitude in footings of: Cognitive, Behavioral, and Affective? What is the pupils ‘ mathematics public presentation in capable countries: College Algebra and Accounting 1? Is there a important relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation?HypothesisHolmium: There is no important relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation.Significance of the StudyThe importance of this survey is to steer the undermentioned people: Students. The consequence of this survey will assist the pupils in cognizing the possible grounds why they are dying in math. Parents. The result of this survey will assist the parents know the possible ground for their kid ‘s failure in math. It will be helpful for them to be cautious with their kid ‘s public presentation. Teachers. The findings if this survey will function as a manual for the instructors peculiarly math instructors in finding what scheme to utilize cognizing the information given in this survey. The consequence of this research can be used as a footing to decrease, if non extinguish failures by set abouting alterations and inventions in instructions and the course of study in general. This will function as an oculus opener toward absorbing advanced thoughts in instruction. Psychologists and School counsellor. The consequence of this survey will be used as a footing for the school counsellors every bit good as the psychologists to better understand why pupils behave or misbehave in math. Administrators. The findings of this survey can function as one of the bases for curricular rating and planning. It will besides steer the decision makers in their witting attempt to undergo planned alterations in pulling up systematic strategy of measuring pupils ‘ public presentation. Researcher. The consequence of this survey will supply a foundation for new research.Scope and Restrictions of the StudyThe survey is limited to freshers pupils who are enrolled in topics College Algebra and Accounting 1during the first semester, peculiarly the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Cor Jesu College confined to period of 2010-2011. The range of the survey is more likely for the benefit of the instructors sing the per centum of pupils in footings of their mathematics attitude in relation to mathematics public presentation of the pupils. Findingss of the survey would therefore, be true merely for the topics concerned and for the given period of clip, although these could be used as footing for similar surveies that would be conducted at the different colleges in the state.Definition of FootingsCor Jesu College refers to the premier Catholic establishment in Southern Mindanao, peculiarly located in Digos City, Davao del Sur. Mathematicss attitude refers to the pupils ‘ reaction towards mathematics as a topic and as an application. Specifically determined into three dimensions: ( a ) cognitive, ( B ) behavioral, and ( degree Celsius ) affective. Cognitive dimension refers to the mental facet of attitude which concerns the thought procedure approximately mathematics as a topic and as an application. Behavioral dimension refers to the action facet of attitude which concerns mathematics as a topic and as an application. Affectional dimension refers to the emotional facet of attitude which involves in the pupils ‘ perceptual experience about mathematics as a topic and as an application. Mathematicss public presentation refers to the pupils ‘ competency in mathematics peculiarly in topics College Algebra and Accounting 1. Mathematicss Attitude and Mathematics Performance refers to the relationship of the pupils ‘ perceptual experience,Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESThis chapter presents subjects on mathematics attitude, mathematics public presentation, and the relationship of Mathematics Attitude and Mathematics Performance as related literatures and surveies.Related LiteratureArticles and some write-ups concerning mathematics attitude, mathematics public presentation, and the relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation are abundant. Majority of these articles draw a fact that mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation show a important connexion in mathematics public presentation.Mathematicss AttitudeMathematicss is the linguistic communication of engineering. It is used to explicate, construe, and work out jobs in Fieldss every bit diverse as technology, economic sciences, communicating, seismology, and ecology. It is the bedrock for the computing machine revolution. Mathematics provides us with powerful theoretical and computational techniques to progress our apprehension of the modern universe and social jobs and to develop and pull off the engineering industries that are the anchor of our economic system. Attitude. Harmonizing to Liska ( cited in ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nd.edu/~rwilliam/xsoc530/attitudes.html ) , attitude is either be favourable or unfavourable appraising reaction toward something or person, exhibited in 1s beliefs, feelings, or intended behaviour. It is a societal orientation – an implicit in disposition to react to something either favourably or unfavourably. The mundane impression of attitude refers to person ‘s basic liking or disliking of a familiar mark. These surveies have shown that, for illustration, misss tend to hold more negative attitudes towards mathematics than male childs ( Frost et al. , 1994 ; Leder, 1995 ) , and that attitudes tend to go more negative as students move from simple to secondary school ( McLeod, 1994 ) . The general attitude of the category towards mathematics is related to the quality of the instruction and to the social-psychological clime of the category ( Haladyna et al. , 1983 ) . The attempt to advance positive attitudes has been slightly successful on the single degree. For illustration, mathematics anxiousness can be reduced through systematic desensitization ( Hembree, 1990 ) . On the whole category degree the attempts to reform learning to advance coveted attitudes have by and large been unsuccessful ( McLeod, 1994 ) . However, recent grounds suggests that collaborative attacks can advance positive attitudes among pupils ( e.g. Boaler, 1997a, B, 1998 ; Ridlon, 1999 ) . An of import purpose of mathematics instruction is to develop in pupils positive attitudes towards mathematics. The impression of holding a positive attitude towards mathematics encompasses both wishing mathematics and experiencing good about one ‘s ain capacity to cover with state of affairss in which mathematics is involved. In this scene, attitudes are perceived as being closely linked to beliefs, emotions, and motive to prosecute in the topic. ( Australian Education Council, 1991 ; cited in, ) Harmonizing to Lopez ( cited in hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articledashboard.com, February 15, 2011 ) , attitude is a permanent rating of people, objects, or thoughts which may be positive or non. The construct of attitude is composed of three constituents which include cognitively-based attitudes, affectively-based attitude, and behaviorally-based attitude. Attitude toward mathematics is defined as a general emotional temperament toward the school topic of mathematics † ( Haladnya et al. , 1983, p. 20 ) . Maple and Stage ( as cited in Schiefele & A ; Csikszentmihalyi, 1995 ) found that â€Å" attitude toward mathematics significantly influenced pick of mathematics major. â€Å" One of the most of import grounds for fostering a positive attitude in mathematics is that it may increase one ‘s inclination to elect mathematics classs in high school and college and perchance to elect callings in a math related field † ( Schiefele & A ; Csikszentmihalyi, 1995 ) Mathematicss Attitudes Attempts in the schoolroom to right the common social perceptual experience that â€Å" mathematics is hard † are frequently exacerbated no less due to the already entrenched attitudes and feelings that pupils have by the clip they reach secondary degree. Kloosterman & A ; Gorman ( 1990 ) suggest that the formation of the belief that some pupils learn more readily than others and non everyone will be high winners in schoolcan lead to a impression that affects accomplishment in mathematics: the impression that it makes small sense to set forth attempt when it does non bring forth consequences that are considered desirable. Besides impacting larning and attitude are other factors such as motive, the quality of direction, time-on-task, and schoolroom conversations ( Hammond & A ; Vincent, 1998 ; Reynolds & A ; Walberg, 1992 ) and as a consequence of societal interactions with their equals ( Reynolds & A ; Walberg, 1992 ; Taylor, 1992 ) . Many surveies have been conducted on mathematics attitudes and instruction ( Leder, 1987 ; McLeod, 1992 ; Zan, Brown, Evans, & A ; Hannula, 2006 ) but for the intents of this undertaking, McLeod ‘s ( 1992 ) definition of attitudes is adopted: â€Å" affectional responses that involve positive or negative feelings of moderate strength and sensible stableness † ( p. 581 ) . McLeod contends that attitudes develop with clip and experience and are moderately stable, so that hardened alterations in pupils ‘ attitudes may hold a durable consequence. Lefton ( 1997 ) besides argues that attitude is a erudite pre-disposition to react in a systematically favorable or unfavorable mode towards a given object. Positive and negative experiences of school activities produce learned responses which may in bend impact on pupils ‘ attitudes as they get older, when positive attitudes towards mathematics appear to weaken ( Dossey, Mullis, Lindquist, & A ; Chambers, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to Hart ( 1989 ) , mathematics attitude should be viewed as a sensitivity to react in an unfavourable or favourable manner to mathematics. By accepting this position, mathematics attitude includes relevant beliefs ( e.g. â€Å" Mathematics helps me understand scientific discipline lessons † ) , behavior ( e.g. â€Å" I will use for a occupation affecting mathematics † ) and attitudinal or emotional reactions ( e.g. â€Å" I like work outing mathematical jobs † , â€Å" I feel disquieted when work outing mathematical jobs † ) . In other words, by generalizing from Key ( 1993 ) , it can be said that an instrument mensurating mathematics attitude should try cognitive, affectional and behavioural spheres, perchance represented, as the old analysis suggests, by assurance in larning mathematics, wishing mathematics and utility of mathematics, for illustration. Cognitive. Mathematics is believed as an exceptionally hard topic that everybody needs some cognition acquired during the primary and in-between phase will do. Its survey requires particular ability and intelligence ( Sidhu, 1995 ) . The importance of math is likely ignored because of pupils ‘ public presentation in the topic. The bulk of pupils referred for school psychological science services are sing some academic jobs. Although reading accomplishments shortages are the common of these academic jobs, researches have shown that the bulk of pupils sing jobs in mathematics ( Kulak, 1993 ) . Malipot ( 2009 ) believes that instructors and the authorities ( Sabater, 2006 ) can assist pupils in bettering their ability in the field of mathematics. Dr. Balmaceda ( Garcia, 2007 ) dispels the popular misconception that math is merely about measures ( how many ) . Most fail to see the originative facet of mathematics. Affective. It is a phenomenon that is frequently considered when analyzing pupils ‘ jobs in mathematics ( Hopper,2010 ) . On the other manus, Chua ( 2006 ) supposes that math anxiousness is a merchandise of a instruction scheme. At first, anxiousness may non take topographic point. Skills which are developed based on drills, pattern, and memorisation seem honoring to teacher and pupil likewise. When lessons become more advanced and more complicated, the figure of points to be memorized gives an impossible load to pupils ‘ memory. The pupil would so experience that he has reached a phase at which his apparent success desserts him. Here an anxiety-provoking state of affairs starts to face the scholar. The harder the pupil tries, the worse he/she performs because the pupils will necessarily utilize the lone attack he/she knows, which is mathematics. Emotions are seen in connexion to personal ends. Emotions are besides seen to affect a physiological reaction, as a differentiation from non-emotional knowledge. Third, emotions are besides seen to be functional, i.e. they have an of import function in human header and version. ( E.g. Buck, 1999 ; Lazarus, 1991 ; Power & A ; Dalgleish, 1997 ; Mandler, 1989 as cited by Hannula,2010 )Mathematicss PerformanceStudent battle in mathematics refers to pupils ‘ motive to larn mathematics, their assurance in their ability to win in mathematics and their emotional feelings about mathematics. Student battle in mathematics plays a cardinal function in the acquisition of math accomplishments and knowledge – pupils who are engaged in the acquisition procedure will be given to larn more and be more receptive to farther acquisition. Student battle besides has an impact upon class choice, educational tracts and subsequently calling picksThe Relationship Between Mathematics Attitude and M athematics PerformanceMa and Kishor ( 1997 ) synthesised 113 study surveies of the relationship between attitude towards mathematics and accomplishment in mathematics. The causal way of the relationship was from attitude to the accomplishment. Although the correlativities were weak in the overall sample, they were stronger throughout classs 7 to 12, and in surveies that had done separate analysis of male and female topics ( Hannula, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Ma and Kishor ( 1997a ) , there is a positive interaction between mathematics attitude and mathematics accomplishment ( Kadijevich, February 17, 2011 )Chapter 3MethodologyThis chapter presents the design, puting, participants, step, processs, and informations analysis.DesignThis survey made used of descriptive-correlation design ( Ariola, 2006 ) since the purpose of the survey was to find whether or non there is a relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation. This survey determined the important relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics public presentation of the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy freshers pupils who were enrolled in College Algebra and Accounting 1 during the first semester. The independent variable was the mathematics attitude, which has sub-variables viz. : cognitive, behavioural, and affectional. Furthermore, the dependent variable of the survey was mathematics public presentation which was determined from the concluding classs of the respondents in College Algebra and Accounting 1.PutingThe survey was conducted in the premiss of Cor Jesu College campus located in the City of Digos, Province of Davao del Sur.ParticipantsThe participants of the survey were the indiscriminately selected Bachelor of Science in Accountancy freshers pupils who took up College Algebra and Accounting 1 in the first semester A.Y. 2010-2011. The sampling process was done based on random choice from its entire population of 155. Slovin ‘s expression ( Ariola, 2006 ) was used to find the sample size of 113 pupils. Using the expression below: n = __N__ 1 + NeA? Where ; n = sample size N = entire size vitamin E = desired border of mistake ( 0.05 ) Thereafter, the respondents were selected utilizing the lottery method ( Ariola, 2006 ) . The entire population was arranged consecutive and assigned numerical designations. Matching Numberss were marked on separate checks and were put into a container. This was to guarantee that every person has the same opportunity of being chosen as every other single ( Ariola, 2006 ) .MeasuresThe research instrument used in the survey was the Mathematics Attitude Scale ( MAS ) , retrieved from the survey of Acejalado, Limjap. The writer of the survey was asked by the research worker a permission to utilize the questionnaire. However, the e-mail history of the writer was deactivated. The study questionnaire was composed of 50 points with statements based from the dimensions of attitude, viz. : affectional dimension, behavioural dimension, and cognitive dimension of pupils ‘ perceptual experience about mathematics as a topic and as an application. The respondents were asked to measure the statements through look intoing utilizing the undermentioned measuring ( Likert ‘s graduated table ) : Strongly agree- 1, Disagree- 4, Agree- 2, Strongly disagree- 5, and Neutral- 3. The graduated table of the reading of the average tonss of the dimensions of mathematics attitude set by the psychometrician are as follows: 4.4-5.0 really high, 3.6-4.3 high, 2.8-3.5 moderate, 1.9-2.7 low, 1.0-1.8 really low.ProcedureA missive of permission to the Dean of College bespeaking the blessing for the permission to carry on a research survey in the college section. After which, another missive of permission submitted to the Dean of the Division of Business and Accountancy, ( DBA ) . After holding the blessing, a requisition missive was sent to the caput registrar for the finding of the entire population of DBA freshmen pupils. The information was gathered from the concerned establishments and offices such as the College Dean and the Dean of DBA through a formal missive. After holding the blessing, the names of the pupils who took up College Algebra and Accounting 1 during the first semester were asked from the school registrar through a formal consent. After which, random sampling was made to place the respondents. The instrument disposal was given in January 2011 based from the handiness of the respondents. The questionnaire was follow-upped every now and so. After garnering the full answered questionnaire, each point was tallied in conformity to each respondent.Datas AnalysisChapter 4RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThis chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and reading of the informations gathered utilizing research instrument. Consequences and treatments are presented harmonizing to the job and hypothesis of the survey.