Exhibit Advertisement Essay

Please join the Rhode Island School of Design in exploring a blast from the past! Our annual art exhibit will be celebrated January 22, 2012 in RISD’s auditorium. This year will showcase art work from the Early Chinese and Early Japanese Civilizations. During this free exhibit your entire family will be able to explore the very fascinating masterpieces from ancient Chinese and Japanese artist. Throughout the exhibit you will see different forms of art with each piece reflecting on their culture, history, and religious beliefs. Please take some time to read about some of the artwork that will be displayed, and its roots. Understanding these amazing art forms can be comprehended by first taking a look on how all forms of art was greatly influenced by Early Chinese Civilization. There are many connections between culture, religion, and spiritual beliefs. Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism were religions that greatly affected Chinese artist. These religions and philosophies represented social responsibility, responsibility towards nature, practical and mystical relations, along with healthy life balance. In addition to religion the admiration of nature played a very special part in art whether it is sculptures, calligraphy scrolls, or architecture. The wide array of art forms can be traced back to the Chinese culture. In the first preview you will notice a bronze horse; this artwork was created during the Han Dynasty. A horse for many was means of transportation however the Chinese valued the horse, especially due to their location. The breed of horses that were available to the Chinese were considered â€Å"flying horses† due to their speed. Many emperors along with citizens valued animals and nature because of their spiritual beliefs. Chinese men also valued the horse understanding that in time or war horses were an essential part to defeating enemies. Another art form that can be viewed at our annual exhibit is the representation of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang represent the equal balance of life. This is most commonly represented by black and white, although the Chinese understood that life would not always be black and white. The Chinese understood that no part of life could be relevant without the other and appreciated the good with the bad and believed in things being equal. Japanese art form absorbed many of the influences from the Chinese Civilization. Japanese art in its own way is a concentrated form of Chinese work and cultural beliefs. There were Taoist and Confucius influences however the Shinto and Buddhist society were also heavily acknowledged. The love and respect for spiritual peace in addition to nature can be easily identified in Japanese art. Much like the Chinese, the Japanese also valued family, life balance, and elder wisdom. In the above image one can sense the importance of religion and spiritual finding. The Shaka Triad displays in the center Buddha. This art work was a direct influence of Buddhism, which later became to influence the court life of the Japanese. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008) This piece of art was directly influenced by the Chinese sculpture traditions especially those of pre-Tang period.

Innovators in the development of this technology Essay

Biochips are soon expected to revolutionize clinical diagnostics, massively parallel DNA analysis, and other laboratory procedures involving molecular biology. In recent years, high-density DNA micro arrays or biochips have revolutionized biomedical research and greatly accelerated target validation and drugs discovery efforts. The utility of micro array technology is that it permits highly parallel gene expression profiling; provide snapshots of the transcriptome in both healthy and diseased states. Biochips can be used to identify and prioritize drug targets, based on their ability to confirm a massive number of gene expression measurements in parallel. Biochips have been utilized to address in vitro pharmacology and toxicology issues, and are being widely applied to improve the processes of disease diagnosis, pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics. The biochips widely in use today, however, owe their existence to innovation in miniaturization in both the private and academic sectors. Innovators in the development of this technology include Hyseq, Oxford Gene Technologies and Stanford University. The biological nature of biochips also raises the possibility of some exciting medical applications – they could be implanted in the body of interface with the living system. Some possibilities include: Brain implants to circumvent damage that has caused blindess and deafness. Cardiac implants to regulate heart beat, Blood implants to regulate drug discovery (e. g. insulin for diabetics) and implants to control artificial limbs The fabrication of complex three dimensional biochips with the fabrication technology now used in the electronics industry is probably impossible. An essential feature of the use of a protein matrix is that the proteins directly their own assembly and the appropriate positioning of the semiconductor molecules. These are numerous examples of self assembling protein structures, including virus particles and these are being studied intensely for potential applications to biochip technology. Biochips will not be possible without computer designed proteins and rDNA technology. Yet it will probably be several years before rDNA technology will be able to contribute substantially to biochips research, because it is first necessary to understand more about the relationship between protein structure and function, the biological self-assembly processes, and the mechanisms by which molecules could do logic functions and store memory. Future The boundaries of technology will be continually challenged as this technology progresses, and novel applications are devised. In addition to the evolving technical approaches of DNA micro array systems, new applications for microarrays are being developed. Recent progress in combining the use of chromatin (ChIP) arrays with DNA microarrays has allowed genomewide analysis of transcription factor localization to specific regulatory sequences in living cells. Biotechnology is usually among most technologies in that it spans an array of scientific disciplines. Individuals seeking to be well versed in applications of biotechnology must have inter-disciplines training. Bioprocess engineers, for example need some knowledge of biochemistry and microbiology as well as knowledge of engineering design so that the most efficient combination of micro-organism and bioreactor can be determined. Many industrial sectors are applying biochip technology. The sectors include are pharmaceuticals, agriculture, specialty chemical and food additives, environmental applications, commodity chemicals and energy and bioelectronics. References Commercial biotechnology: An International Analysis, 1985, Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, United States, Congress Biochips: Technology and Applications, 2003, Wan-Li Xing, Jing Cheng

Ethics Notes Chapters

Ethics, and Human Behavior Ethical issues exist in all areas of criminal Justice system (from passage of laws to punishment) Criminal Justice professionals have discretion Legislators: In making laws Police: In enforcing laws Attorneys and Judges: affecting Justice process Correctional Professionals: affecting offenders lives What do criminal Justice professionals have in common? Power to make decisions duty to enforce the law obligation to provide â€Å"due process† and â€Å"equal protection† for all commitment to â€Å"public service† Goals of the study of ethics -BrawledBecome aware of and open to ethical issues Begin developing critical thinking skills Become more personally responsible Understand coercive element of the Justice system Develop wholesales (the ability to explore with ones heart as well as ones mind) Defining Terms morals The judgment of behavior as right or wrong. Ethics The study and analysis tot what constitutes g * The two words are often used interchangeably. Or bad conduct. Meta-ethics Technical investigation of the meaning of ethical terms, as well as how ethical statements can be verified. Normative ethics Definition of right conduct and moral duties. Plied ethics Application of ethical principles to specific issues or fields. Professional ethics Examination of the behavior of certain professional groups. Duties Moral obligations that one must carry out to be considered ethical. Supererogatory An act that goes beyond duty and is not required to be considered DOD or moral. Imperfect duties General obligation with no specific acts. Honesty Health Family Financial success Beauty What else are values? Are some more important than others? To be Ouagadougou or immoral,behavior must involve: human acts of free will detecting others Inventory of Ethical IssuesIndividual or Other Employees backstabbing and lack of support gossip sexual or racial harassment lying to cover up blame taking credit for others' work Organizatio n and Employees sexual or racial harassment by supervisors discouraging honest criticism or feedback arbitrary or unfair decisions inadequate compensation inadequate training unrealistic or inappropriate demands putting employees in unnecessary danger By the Individual and Organization work ethic (days work for a days pay) petty theft of supplies or cash overtime abuse gifts and gratuities falsifying reports misuse of sick days arsenal use of supplies or equipment Morality and Behavior Even when people know what is right, sometimes they choose to do wrong?why? Criminology Psychology Other fields seek to answer this question Are people fundamentally good or fundamentally bad? Thinking Point Omar Thornton of Connecticut walked into his employer, Hartford Distributors, for a hearing concerning his possible termination. During the meeting, Thornton pulled out a pistol and shot ten of his coworkers, killing eight, before turning the gun on himself. What caused Thornton to carry oh t this minority act? Was he born intrinsically bad? Was he a good person that had a tragic turn of circumstances that forced him into a criminal act? Morality = Law ?Ethical Issues and Dilemmas Decentralization of soft drugs? Sex-offender registries? Death penalty? Mandatory DNA testing? Three-strikes legislation? Racial profiling? Steps for Clarifications Dilemmas Review all the facts. Identify relevant values of all parties. Identify all moral issues. Identify most immediate moral issue. Resolve the dilemma. CHAPTER 2: Determining Moral Behavior Ethical Systems Deontological Ethical Systems Teleological Ethical Systems Ethical Formalism According to German philosopher Emmanuel Kant: ill (motivation) is the only thing that is intrinsically good. Duty is required behavior. It is self-imposed and necessary to morality.The Categorical Imperative Ethical Formalism: Imperatives Categorical imperatives Are absolute. Are based on good will. Determine morality. You must not lie. Criticisms of Et hical Formalism Utilitarianism leered Beneath An action's morality depends on how much it contributes to the overall good of society. Humans are hedonistic. They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain. DOD for the greatest number On April 20th, 2010 a British Petroleum offshore rig exploded killing 11 employees ND causing one of the largest oil spills in modern history. Investigators soon located the faulty alarm systems. The alarms did not alert because they had been intentionally disconnected close to a year ago.BP had the alarms turned off in order to allow employees to sleep without being interrupted by false alarms thus creating a better functioning workforce. If the alarms were enabled, the rig would have automatically entered shut down mode, virtually eliminating the oil spill. Was Up's original â€Å"act† inherently good? Bad? Did they have a duty to act one way or the other? Criticisms of Utilitarianism Religion People hold different opinions about which religion i s the â€Å"true† religion. People within a religion often disagree on how to interpret its principles. Religious controversies are often difficult to resolve. Natural Law Criticisms of Natural Law How can we determine what is natural law versus man-made law? What are the â€Å"natural† laws of morality?The Ethics of Virtue Aristotle True virtue is the median between extremes of character: the golden mean. People develop moral virtues through practice, Just like any other strength. Daemonic: living the â€Å"good life† Six Pillars Josephs Institute) Trustworthiness : Honesty, sincerity, loyalty Respect : Golden Rule Responsibility : Being accountable Fairness : Equality, impartiality, and due process Caring : Altruism and benevolence Citizenship : Duties of citizenship Criticisms of Ethics of Virtue Basically assumes a good person will make a good decision. Little help for people facing dilemmas. The Ethics of Care Western ethical systems focus on issues like ri ghts, laws, and universalism.Ethics of care?nurture, meeting needs Criticisms of Ethics of Care Criticisms of Egoism Violates universalism. Logically inconsistent (for everyone to try and maximize self interest). Enlightened egoism is not too different from categorical imperative or golden rule. Other Methods epithetical Decision Making The imperative principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, unbending rule. The utilitarian principle determines the ethics of conduct by the DOD or bad consequences of the action. The generalization principle is based on this question: â€Å"What would happen if all similar persons acted this way under similar circumstances? General Principles federation Making Obtain all facts (including the effects of prospective decisions). Evaluate whether odd be comfortable with your decision appearing on the front page (in public view). Consider one's principles to be like a formula – applicable in all situations. Relativism Ethic al Relativism Moral systems are products of an individual or group. If people believe different things are good and bad, how can you define what is good? Situational Ethics: A compromise between relativism and absolutism There are basic principles of right and wrong. They can be applied to ethical dilemmas and moral issues. They may call for different results in different situations. 1.Treat each person with the utmost respect and care. . Do one's duty or duties in such a way that one does not violate the first principle. Summary of Ethical Systems Ethical formalism: What is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative. Utilitarianism: What is good is that which results in the greatest utility for the greatest number. Religion: What is good is that which contorts to God's will. Natural law: What is good is that which is natural. Ethics of virtue: What is good is that which conforms to the Golden Mean. Ethics of care: What is good is that which meets the needs of those c oncerned. Egoism: What is good is that which benefits me.

Qatar Airways Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Qatar Airways Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example Brand Management as a marketing strategy was started by Procter & Gamble. It seeks to increase the perceived value of the product or service to the customer, and effect a corresponding increase in sales. A good brand name should be-- legally protectable, easy to pronounce, easy to remember, easy to recognize; attract attention, suggest product or service benefits or suggest usage, suggest the company or product/service image, and distinguish the positioning of the product or service relative to the competition. (Wikipedia)In this age of globalization, Nation Branding has become a strategic marketing approach for many industries including the airline's industry.The inventor of Nation Branding in its modern form is Singapore's, Lee Kuan Yew. He defined what Singapore was, promoted it worldwide, and introduced a set of values and discipline for Singapore's citizens, using advertisements to help educate the population. Nation Branding is practiced by many states, including the United Sta tes and the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, and most Western European countries. Developing economies also use Nation Branding to create more favorable conditions for foreign direct investment, tourism, trade and diplomatic relations with other countries. Almost majority of international airlines use Nation Branding, such as— British Airways, Canadian Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Siberia Airlines, Japan Airlines, Qatar Airways, Philippine Airlines, Saudi Air, Gulf Air among others. Nations have become brands when for decades, researchers have studied â€Å"country of origin.† When there are two products labeled â€Å"Made in Mexico† and â€Å"Made in Japan,† consumers will consistently choose the â€Å"Made in Japan† product.. In 1998, a British marketing consultant named Simon Anholt took this concept a step further. He wrote an article in a trade journal, arguing that places and nations themselves are brands. Anholt received numerous calls from officials around the world seeking his services. In the world of nation branding, flags become logos, national anthems advertising jingles. When customers buy a pair of Calvin Klein jeans they are not just buying a few pounds of denim, they are buying the Calvin Klein experience. Simon Anholt said nation branding works the same way. (Weiner, 2006) According to Anhold, countries have reputations and

Applied Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Business Ethics - Essay Example In marketing, ethics are extremely vital as they affect the performance of an organization (Cohen, 2007). Ethics is the principles one uses to make an outright decision. Marketing sections face their own set of ethical dilemma-related problems concerning pricing, product development, distribution and advertisements. Many organizations may be faced by a dilemma in choosing the advertisement approach to take (Harding, 2010). This is evident on whether to adopt sexual and emotional appeal advertisements as part of the marketing strategy. Justification The use of sexually appealing advertisements has been on the rise in the recent past years. It is becoming more blatant as marketers are trying to find ways to overcome the media clutters. These adverts are integrated with persuasive sexual information (Liu, Li & Cheng, 2006). Such techniques are intentionally controversial in order to grab the attention of an individual, thus, creating the product awareness. Although this approach of adve rtising is popular, it faces criticism due to the ethical dilemmas surrounding it. Emotional appeal, on the other hand, is based on three ideas. The consumer does not pay much attention to the advertisement. Secondly, consumers do not notice rational appeals unless they are looking for the product being advertised. Last and most prominent, use of emotional adverts, attempts to capture the attention of the viewer and link the consumer to the product being advertised. The use of sex and emotional appealing adverts have led to the growth of many businesses because of the homogenous belief that consumer needs, and interest are alike (Chan et al., 2007). However, organizations are faced by ethical challenges when adopting them. Therefore, an organization should critically decide the marketing approach to adopt. The cultural image of the organization is mainly founded by products and services they offer. Adverts integrated with sex appealing images are at times seen to be pornographic. Th is often leads to the notion that the organization promotes it, which adversely affects the image of the organization. The use of the female sexual icons in the adverts may also lead to distortion of many norms and beliefs, especially the young and innocent people who cannot distinguish the appropriate content of the advert (Foley, 1999). This often derails the values of the community at large. The use of emotional appeal contexts has been criticised ethically. It has been argued that businesses utilizing emotional appeal tend to exploit the viewers’ emotions. Businesses may be marketing a flawed product or a product which can bring harm to the society, but due to the emotional attachments the viewer has developed, one may end up buying it. It may also persuade one to buy what might not be needed. Ethical decisions making The ethical decision making process of solving this dilemma should be based on the two approaches; teleology and deontology. The deontological methodology i s concerned with the notions of universal truths, values and principles, to be followed irrespective of the situation. The categorical imperative stated by Kant, dictates that faced by a situation, one should respond in a way which is consistent and conforms to the ethical principles. He should also be content and comfortable with the decision made with full consideration of others. Therefore, in deciding on the effective marketing

The End of Ramstable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

The End of Ramstable - Essay Example The proposed project entitled â€Å"The End of Ramstable† is aimed to mark the end of the old Ramstable theatre with festivity and entertainment that embodied the theatre in its 120 years of existence. The Ramstable Festival Week beginning on August 20 until August 26, 2012 shall be a festivity of Ramstable’s heritage of giving entertainment and delight among its countless patrons for 120 years through music, plays and community engagement. While the proponent intends to make the Festival Week as memorable and as grand as possible, the proponents will not lose sight of the importance of making the endeavour economically viable that will enable the Festival to be successful. There are three aspects of the entertainment component of the project. One of these is Ramstable’s reaffirmation of its commitment to Ramstable community which is its host and patron. To serve this end, one of the highlights of the Festivity Week is the hosting of the Ramstable Theatre to the Finale of the various school’s rendition of â€Å"What the Dickens† to commemorate the 200th birth anniversary of famous Kentish author Charles Dickens. In addition to Ramstable support to the academe, the theatre will also show its commitment to the community by hosting the talent contest â€Å"Ramstable Got Talent† which will run from August 21 to 25 of 2012. Ramstable will commemorate its 120 years of heritage by showing theatre performances in the evening of August 21 to 26 through music and various performances that stretches back in time up to the present. The performances are also designed to include the theatre interest of Ramstable community as the shows will cater to children, parents, men, women, teenager through the careful selection of the artists and genre that will be performed. The artists chosen to perform during the evenings of August 21 to 25 are popular mainstream artists who are proven to provide entertainment of high calibre. Their talent f ees may be hefty but through careful planning and implementation of creative marketing implements, the shows will not only prove to be economically viable but profitable as well. The project proponents believe that Ramstable Theatre has earned enough goodwill through its 120 years of providing entertainment among its countless patrons that will merit its patrons to sponsor the shows. Such, the proponents will capitalise on this goodwill to ensure the viability and profitability of the Festival despite it being intended to be grand. The Festival Week’s viability and profitability can be achieved in two ways. First is through the traditional revenue derived from the ticket sales. Revenue can also be generated by expanding marketing activity through sponsorships and selling of refreshments during the show. Securing sponsors for the show is very doable because the Theatre had enough goodwill from

Investigate the Potential Opportunity of Marketing This Brand In the Assignment

Investigate the Potential Opportunity of Marketing This Brand In the UK for a Pharmaceutical Company - Assignment Example Other than this, it also helps in identifying the defects, deficiencies as well as the problems present within the marketing activities of the organization so that it might be easily reduced. Thus, marketing audit helps in analyzing three areas such as external and internal marketing environment as well as current marketing strategies. External marketing audit The pharmacy market of UK by PESTEL In this age of globalization and industrialization, advancement is witnessed in each and every segment. Similarly, the organizations operating under the umbrella of pharmacy market also amplified its market share and growth rate with a rapid pace as compared to any other organizations. Due to which, its annual growth rate (CAGR) enhanced by 15.7% as well as profit margin increased by 21.6 % in the year 2012- 2013. This proved extremely beneficial for the economy of UK thereby rebounding itself from global economic downturn. It became possible due to the huge contribution of the Pharmacy compa nies towards the gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) of the economy. Other than this, due to the improvement of the per-capital income of the individual of United Kingdom, the purchasing power of the customers also increased. This proved extremely effective for the Pharmacy organizations thereby amplifying its profit margin and productivity to a certain extent as compared to others. Moreover, the implementation of the varied policies of the government in order to make the requirements of healthcare more affordable and accessible, also acted as a boon for the pharmaceutical organizations. Due to which the net income and revenues of the organizations operating under... This paper stresses that the products of Bursti in the competitive market of UK, it’s extremely essential to follow competitive pricing strategy. This is because; without following such strategy, Bursti might not be able to establish the brand image and dependency within the minds of the customers. As a result, the profit margin and total sale of the products of the brand might not get enhanced that might hinder the goodwill of the organization. Other than this, Bursti might try to offer high attention over advertising so as to increase the level of awareness of the customers. This might prove effective for the organization in enhancing its market share and status This report makes a conclusion that the pattern of disorders is also changing rapidly and so at times the medical practitioners fail to analyse the main cause of the disorder. This means, the disorder might be due to genetics, diet, climate or many other factors. So, the organization of Bursti might also try to develop the medicines that might also rectify the disorders arising due to genetics or even diets. Only then it might cope-up with such type of challenges in an effective way thereby amplifying its productivity and brand value. The author of the paper talks that the policies and strategies of the government supporting Pharmacy industries are changing rapidly. Therefore, the organization of Bursti needs to offer the products and its features in such a way so that, it might remain sustained in its position.

Race and education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Race and education - Essay Example er hand, there are a number of things for identification in the discovery of some of the impacts of British imperialism on the educational systems of the region, as well as the impact of the education systems on its colonies and dominions. A puzzling discovery of the education system in Britain is the fact that there is a considerable absence of a broad historiography on the school curriculum in Britain during the late imperial period. This possibility considers the concerns of the British experiences prior to the year 1945, given that there is a strong emphasis on the presence of cultural assimilation as well as migration into the country. This emphasis is evident in some of the writings on the history of Europe from the early imperial period to the mid-twentieth century. However, a historical consideration of childhood education is achievable through looking into the education systems in the colonial settings, which provides some assistance in the questioning of the pedagogy as well as issues concerning imperialism. On the other hand, there are considerations that the British public schools were responsible for training some of the future imperialists during this period since a number of the students in the Victoria n public schools later served as official in the government and in the British Empire. When looking at the education systems present during the imperial period, questions do not only arise on issues concerning power or imperialism, but there are questions that arise on the influence the schools curricula had on the negative influence of race. The main characteristic of the schools in Britain, whether it was amongst the poor population or the heathen in some of its colonies was the creation of an ordered environment (Barber, 1994 138). The perception at the time was that schools were avenues for creating an orderly and educable child, despite the fact that they might have been experiencing some form of disorder in their homes. The quest that the

Should the driving age be raised to 21 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Should the driving age be raised to 21 - Essay Example l communities started voicing out their apprehension regarding the issue of driving and there has been much debate on the decision of age limitations, by the government. Numerous road accidents have occurred and as a result many lives have been lost. Records show that more teens are involved in these catastrophes (BBC 2007). Although teens utilize their energy to meet the demands of their school and social activities, people in authority and other grown-ups have been concerned about the driving age, since every generation produces a more inflexible group of teenagers than before. Gwyneth Dunwoody, transport committee chairman speaks out rightly about a revolutionary process to take place because it is not a game of losing lives. The height of desensitization is such that a teen from Spalding, Lincolnshire demanded her license saying that she had lost two of her friends in the accidents but she does not want the rules on acquiring license to be changed. She thinks she is â€Å"in the middle of nowhere† without her license (BBC 2007). Teen driving or underage driving can be a threat to other passengers of the vehicle also. Studies and researches inform of reduced number of deaths if teens drive at a later stage. Some argue that by getting driving education, this issue can be resolved. There has been, however, no change observed even after that, according to several investigations done in different parts of the USA and Great Britain. Some states allow driving from the age of 14 such as in South Dakota. New Jersey, Britain and almost the entire European U nion was sticking to 17 and 18 respectively. These variations arise due to the diverse nature and setup of each locality. The public turns to the rulers of the state to make a reasonable move so that the same is maintained throughout the nation (D’Amico & Alex 2006). Until 2008, news articles were debating over the increase of age to 18 all over the region. There was a keen response from the media and general public.

Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example Largely self-educated, Da Vinci went on to fill thousands of dense and neatly penned secret commentaries and theories, a number of which have been descriptively difficult to interpret. Though his ideas and findings had no direct influence on later science, the very combination of intellect and imagination to create such inventions as a flying machine [aircraft] based on the physiology of a bat would later enter the world of manufacturing with the ultimate assembly of a number of powered engine machines like the automated bobbin winder. A polymath with an "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination," Da Vinci’s intellect, energy, and bravery in confronting problems and/or questions his time cut him uniquely among the rest as perhaps the most diversely talented individual that has ever lived. Indeed as art historian Helen Gardner (1970) notes, Da Vinci’s personality was without precedent, not only with regards to the scope and depth of his interests, bu t also in terms of the mystery as well as how remote his observations were; for the empirical methods he employed were far much beyond the workable designs of his time. His private life was kept much way from the public limelight, drawing much speculation from a section of scholars, more so about his sexuality. With reverence for sight (â€Å"knowing how to see†) as the most important aspect of human life, Da Vinci saw art and science as complementary rather than distinct, in effect, summing up his intellectual acumen that traversed across fields of study (Freud, 2012). Accordingly, he spent a great deal of time testing scientific laws, dissecting bodies, those humans as well as animals, structuring his observations, and finally releasing his thoughts in the thousands of manuscripts that have more than divided scholars on the specificity of his vision. Probably due to

U.S. Commercial Rayon Fiber Production Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

U.S. Commercial Rayon Fiber Production - Essay Example But this artificial production of the fibers is just a century old. It was in 1890s that the first artificial silk, which was nothing but rayon made its beginning as a commercially produced fiber and it was in the year 1911; American Viscose Company, the first company to pioneer artificial fiber production began producing rayon.2 Though the fiber revolution begun in later half of 19th century, its roots have got a beginning with the description on minute bodies in the book â€Å"Micrographia† by Robert Hooks in 1665.3 That humble beginning got translated into the production almost two centuries later and now this man made fiber production has reached up to 24 million ton. These artificial fibers have got its application not only for apparel manufacturing but also for home furnishings, medicine and many others.4 Rayon was first artificially produced fiber and was called as artificial silk. Developed in France by Count Hilaire de Chardonnet, this fiber despite being a man-made product is still not synthetic.5 Its production involves wood pulp which is a naturally occurring raw material. The basic nature of rayon is very much like naturally occurring fibers such as cotton or linen. The industry as of now produces four different types of rayon namely Regular rayon, High Wet Modules (HWM) rayon, High Tenacity Rayon and Cupramonium Rayon. The production of these different types is due the use of two different chemicals and varying manufacturing techniques.6 The United States at one time was the leading producer of rayon with companies like Viscose Co. and DuPont being the two largest producers in US. But as of now there is not even a single rayon manufacturer in United States.7 Rayon still forms a major part of total fiber consumption with companies mostly from Europe and Asia are making it avai lable to the customers. The production of rayon made its beginning in US in the year 1911. It was the American Viscose Company (A. V. C.) who started the

Online Therapy Essay Example for Free

Online Therapy Essay Little by little the internet and technology are expanding to incorporate more aspects of our daily lives. The expansion is so vast, one can now do Just about anything online. On line advances has no doubt positively contributed to businesses, education, communication, and quality of life in general, but when does one draw the line? Healthcare is a very serious subject because it deals with peoples lives and well being. Potential problems that may arise from it are not monetary, like those involved with losing a Job or failing a school course, but deal with lives and peoples weakest and perhaps most uncontrollable side of life. Psychological disorders usually arise from events and sources not under the control of patients. Unlike purchasing the wrong stock at the wrong time or having an unsuccessful online business presentation, depression, addiction, phobias, and other psychological disorders are delicate matters that are not a result of bad decision making, however, much like every service the internet offers us, cyber psychology does have its advantages and disadvantages. Disadvantages and Solutions: The first glaring disadvantage is the loss of essential elements with the lack of face to face interactions. The fact that psychology is the study of behavior, it is imperative for a therapist to get a grasp on the patients complete behavior, which includes, but is not limited to, facial movements and body movements, tone of voice, posture, and appearance. To fully understand a client, a therapist must be able to be privvy to this side of the individuals personality to accurately diagnose and ultimately heal a problem or disorder. One way to solve this disadvantage could be for the therapist to request an initial face-to-face assessment that can then be followed by online treatments of various sorts. This enhances the screening process and leaves no room for misinterpretation or misdiagnosis that can arise from lack of personal interaction. Also, for cases or procedures involving video conferencing and webcam interactions, it is crutial for websites to continue to improve the video quality to avoid missing any words or movements that may be crucial to analyzing behaviors. Maybe once video conferencing is perfected, it will increase the validity of such therapeutic media and allow it to replace the need for an initial in person interaction. A second concern involved with web therapy is security. We are surrounded by warning signs oncerning various web securities, including scams, hacks, and phishing sites. In the past, we have seen many cases serious enough to make it to the news to increase awareness and warn people of the seriousness of certain situations. It is almost possible for hackers to invade most sites and this compromises the privacy of patients personal and diagnostic information. Also, confirming the validity of particular sites may be hard on some people since scam sites go into extreme measures to mimic credible sites. The fact that most on-line therapies require payment in advance, may seem tempting for people who make a living from online camming. Another potential leak in privacy may unintentionally arise from the clients themselves; the use of public computers or implying improper security features and practices to ones personal computer. To counteract security problems, websites are constantly working on maintain security and privacy. It is important for releasing financial or personal and emotional information. Psychologists are required to practice therapy in state(s) of which they are licensed for practice. Cyber therapy offers ways to go around that law. A patient, for example, may claim different residence to receive treatment from a particular therapist of agency. Also, since the world wide web spreads, well, worldwide, theres a chance that some of the sites are run internationally and this may give rise to cultural disconnect problems from misunderstanding situations, actions, and settings. Proper monitoring should be implemented on cyber therapy websites to avoid such breaches and complications. Advantages of Online Therapy: There are several advantages associates with online therapy. Time is something that seems to be becoming more scarce and harder to manage. Finding a service that can be molded around ones schedule, convenience, or from the privacy of ones ome is important to many people in todays fast paced way of life. Online therapy also offers a geographic advantage for people living in rural areas or people with transportation limitations. In addition, people with physical disabilities may now have an easier method of behavior therapy that does not interfere with their health issues. Finally, a very crucial advantage is financial. Online therapy makes it cheaper and thus easier to receive mental health therapy. Because of the lack of an office or facilities, transportation expenses, and the availability of different program levels to hoose from, therapy became an attainable thing and a cry for help that was heard by cyber space. The options of sending an email or having a telephone therapy session gives many benefits with the elimination of extended time charges and various office visit associated expenses. Websites Offering Online Therapy: The Online Therapy Institute is a website designated primarily for therapist seeking to introduce online therapy as an option to their practice. It offers intensive information about how to set up an online therapy site and what the rules and regulations are and general guidelines to follow to provide proper therapeutic echniques. It also assists therapists in the initial stages and provides a reference for any upcoming issues. E-Therapists Online provides services for patients seeking online therapy via e- mail, private chats, and phone counseling. It provides clear instructions on how to begin therapy and also price guideline. Payment is due prior to therapy. For example, an e-mail session costs $39. 95 and 4 e-mail sessions cost $149. 00. Telephone or chats cost $95. 00 for 60 minutes and $623. 00 for 7 60 minute chats or calls. Headworks is another website similar to e-therapists online. In addition to the ervices that e-therapists online provides, they offer free self-help information and customized services. Conclusion: Online therapy definitely has its advantages, but it should also be handled carefully. Not all cases of mental health should be able to be treated via cyber psychotherapy because some are much more complicated and need in person therapy. Once this service is solidified, this service will be more ideal for people who are in need of minor therapy, interaction with people, behavioral help, and guidelines in life but are unable to do face-to-face therapy for geographical or financial constrains.

Impact Of Facebook On Students Academic Performance Commerce Essay

Impact Of Facebook On Students Academic Performance Commerce Essay The use of social Networking sites, such as Twitter, Facebook, Likendin, Orkut etc are growing day by day in India. Facebook is one of the popular social networking site among young adults and college students. Further, very few researches have focused on influence of Facebook on students Academic performance in India. Through this research, we have tried to throw a light on the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social Networking site students academic performance. The study will be undertaken to know the frequency of usage of face book. Also, the study will try to find out the relation between time spent for use of facebook and time for study .The study will focus to know the most preferred social networking site among students and also to know the impact by the ownership of GPRS phones and use of facebook. For this research, descriptive research design will be used. The sample size will be 300 Students of Ahmadabad. Structure questionnaire developed to measure influence of Facebook on college students Academic Performance with respect to Ahmedabad. 1.0 Introduction Socializing via the Internet has become an increasingly important part of young adult life. Relative to the general population, adolescents and young adults are the heaviest Internet users.SNS are the latest communication tool for interaction with people in their networks Social networking sites can be defined as an online platform which builds and reflects the networking among people and builds relationship among them. People share their interests, activities each other through such sites. The most famous social networking sites in India are Orkut, facebook, LinkedIn, Ibibo, Twitter.One such website is Facebook, whose founder was Mark Zuckerberg along with his roommates and fellow students Eduardo Saverin Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The website was launched in February and privately owned by Facebook Inc. It was ranked as the most used social networking service worldwide by a January 2009 compete.com study. Facebook also consists of individual profile, his/her social links, list of personal interests, contact information, personal information, photos and various other things. Through such sites, users can communicate and share with friends various activities and also join groups of their interests, like pages, advertise product/service. It also offers privacy settings wherein an individual can see only the specific parts of profile. Users can also control the information viewed by others through their privacy settings. Such websites generate huge revenue by advertising and posting banner ads. Asia stands at second position among the facebook users in the world having 183.9 millions of users having 4.7% penetration level. Facebook is very popular social networking site among the college students. Several researches have examined the effect of social media on the academic performance of the students Through this research, we have focused on one of the social networking site i.e facebook and tried to find out the influence of facebook on academicperformance of the students. 2.0 Literature Review In the paper entitled The influence of social networking sites on students academic performance in Malaysia by Adam Mahamat Helou and Nor Za irah Ab. Rahim, they tried to study the students perceptions on the use of social networking sites and its influence on their academic performance.They found most of the respondents do feel that the SNSs have more positive impact on their academic perfor mance due to its use for various academic activities such as communicating with the faculty and university authority, communicating with lecturers and supervisors, making academic discussions with classmates and chatting with friends in respect to topics o f educational interest Nicola Cavalli Et al. in his paper Facebook influence on university students media habits: qualitative results from a field research found that nearly half of them were unfamiliar with facebook site and contrary during 2009 all of the respondents were aware and about 59% of them use it regularly. In the paper Effects of social network on students performance: A web-based forum study in Taiwan the researcher investigated the effects of social networks on the performance of students online education. They found that students who are more active on facebook have positive effect on their academic performance. In a study of Lessons from Facebook: The Effect of Social Network Sites on College Students Social Capital by Sebasti  n Valenzuela2, and Kerk F. Kee4 University of Texas at Austin they examined that there exists moderate relation between intensity of facebook usage and life satisfaction, social trust, civic participation and political engagement of students. In the paper The relationship between facebook usage and academic performance A study at Ohio state University by Aryn Karpinski and Adam Duberstein (Ohio Dominican University) found that facebook usage was associated with lower GPAs, and less time studying. Those who use facebook tended to have lower GPAs than those who did not, and it appears from the slew of articles written about it, that within the group that used facebook that more usage was associated with lower GPAs and less time studying. A study on The Benefits of Facebook Friends: Social Capital and College Students Use of Online Social Network Sites by Nicole B. Ellison,Charles Steinfield and Cliff Lampe examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online socialnetwork site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital.The study suggested a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In a research paper entitled Lessons from Facebook: The Effect of Social Network Sites on College Students Social Capital by Sebastià ¡n Valenzuela, Namsu Park, and Kerk F. Kee at University of Texas at Austin examines if Facebook, is one of the most popular social network sites among young adults in the U.S. 3.0 Objectives To study How much time students actively spent on face book. To know the most preferred social networking site among students To know the impact by the ownership of GPRS phones and use of facebook. To study association between the use of facebook and academic performance. 4.0 Research Methodology A descriptive research was used for study Impact of Facebook on studentsacademic performance. A survey approach was chosen to gather information from students of Ahmedabad. Non-probability sampling technique or convenience sampling was used. The structured questionnaire was developed and administered to 100 respondents. Before finalizing questionnaire opinion of expert panel was taken and it was followed by pilot survey of 15 students . Data and information gathered through questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS Software. Various statistical tests like chi -square and fisher exact test were performed to study Impact of Facebook on studentsacademic performance. 5.0 Hypothesis H1: There is significant association in academic performance among facebook users with different frequency H2: There is significant association for ownership of GPRS Phone and use of facebook. 6.0 Analysis and Interpretation 6.1 Most preferred social networking sites SNS Responses Facebook 107(40.1%) LinkedIn 5(1.9%) Twitter 13(4.9%) Orkut 42(15.7%) YouTube 41(15.4%) Google+ 59(22.1%) Total 267(100%) Table 1 To study most preferred sites among students we have asked multiple choice questions to respondents what is your most preferred social networking site. Table 1 shows that 40.1% respondent preferred face book ,Google+ is followed by facebook . LinkedIn and twitter are not preferred by students of ahmedabad. 6.2 Time spent on Facebook Table 2 Time spent on Facebook 30 min. to 1Hr 1 hr to 2 hr >2 hr Total Day 22 21 7 9 59 Week 16 11 5 3 35 Fortnight 1 0 1 0 2 Month 4 3 2 1 10 Total 43 35 15 13 106 Table 2 Table 2 show the time spent by students on facebook , it reported that students who used facebook generally the logged In several time or once in a day and spent time 1 hour or less than that mostly. Very few students log in on facebook fortnightly or monthly. So we can say that students use facebook frequently. 6.3 Purpose of Facebook Purpose of Facebook Responses Keeping in Touch with Friends 93(29.4%) Looking Photos/Videos 37(11.7%) Playing Games 14(4.4%) Chatting 69(21.8%) Applications 20(6.3%) Messaging 43(13.6%) Communicating with Faculties 21(6.6%) Making Academic discussion Group 19(6%) Table 3 Results of Table 3 shows that 29.4% Students used facebook for keeping touch with friends, 21.8% respondent used facebook for Chatting only 6.6% respondents used facebook for Communicating with faculties and making academic discussion so, majority of students preferred to use face book for keeping touch with friends, chatting and messaging. for Playing games, communicating with faculties and for academic discussion very less students preferred Facebook. 6.4 Hypothesis 1 H1: There is significant association in academic performance among facebook users with different frequency. To check association of academic performance among facebook users with different frequencies chi-square test of association were performed . Time Percentage 30 minutes to 1 hour >1 hour Total 13 11 8 32 >=60 Percentage 9 10 8 27 Total 22 21 16 59 Table 6 Chi-square test Degree of Freedom 3 Level of Significant 5% Calculated Value 0.2915 Table Value 7.8150 From above table we have found that calculated value for chi-square was 0.2915 and table value at 5% level of significant and 3 d.f was 7.8150 which is greater than calculated value so, we found that there is no significant association in academic performance among facebook users with different frequency. 6.5 Hypothesis 2 H2: There is significant association for ownership of GPRS Phone and use of facebook. Some literature studies found that introduction of the Smartphone increased the usage of the facebook. So to find out the relationship between ownership of GPRS supported phone and use of facebook, Fishers exact test was used. Result of the test shown in table below. Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.718a 1 .030 Continuity Correctionb 2.558 1 .110 Likelihood Ratio 4.095 1 .043 Fishers Exact Test .062 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.664 1 .031 N of Valid Casesb 87 To study association for ownership of GPRS phone and use of Facebook Fishers exact test was performed. P-value of fishers exact test is 0.062 which is greater than level of significance value (0.05) So, There is no significant association for ownership of GPRS phone and use of Facebook. 6.6 Perception of Facebook To study perception towards facebook whether facebook have any impact on academic performance of students we have asked several questions and asked respondents to rate according to their perception where 1 for strongly agree and 5 for strongly disagree. Statements Mean score Facebook influences my academic performance negatively, because they distract me from my studies. 2.86 Using Facebook requires spending money and are wastage of time and by this way it will affect my academic life. 2.96 Addiction to Facebook is problematic issue that affects my academic life. 2.95 I find it hard concentrating on study knowing that I can play online games and visit the site just by logging into it 3.08 I compare my grades before I become engaged into the Facebook and after I became involved. I see a drop in my academic performance. 3.11 Facebook is personal/ social-canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸t be used for education. 3.01 The usage of Facebook is useful in higher educational institutions, because it is an effective communication application. 2.49 Group discussions can be arranged with my classmates using Facebook. 2.42 An appointment can be fixed with my lecturer through Facebook. 2.84 Facebook is helpful in my studies because I can receive announcements from lecturers and faculty. 2.77 Facebook help in my studies because I can discuss my assignments with friends. 2.52 Using Facebook improves my interaction with classmates and lecturers 2.57 I use Facebook to facilitate academic activities and coordinate with friends 2.50 Table 7 Table 7 we found that students have neutral opinion for facebook is personal cant be used for education and because of facebook there academic performance is dropped. Rest of statement students are agree. 7.0 Findings and Conclusion: Among the students, facebook is the most preferred social networking site and google plus is the second preferred site. Maximum students use facebook on daily basis for various purposes like chatting and being in touch with friends. The use of facebook is very less for academic purpose like discussion with faculties. There is no impact on students academic performance due to the use of facebook. Use of GPRS phone has no impact on facebook usage.

Judith Beheading Holofernes

Judith Beheading Holofernes Kimberly Boatman   Judith Beheading Holofernes was made by a Baroque artist by the name of Artemisia Gentileschi.   Artemisias version of the painting was made in 1620, in Florence, the original painting was made by Caravaggio a friend of the family. Caravaggios version was based on an old biblical story that he had created in 159, in Rome. In comparison with these two artists it is obvious that Artemisias version is perfected and more in depth than Caravaggios. In her version you can depict the actual struggle the assistant and her had to go through in order to hold Holofernes down. She shows the depth of the blood not only gushing out but leaking to where the sheets are absorbing the blood. Gentileschis showed how intense the task was by rolling up her sleeves and not being afraid to accomplish stabbing the sword through his neck. In his version he depicts a fragile young women with her servant assisting her and her face looks like she cant stomach what she has done. It doesnt look like she had to put up much fight with Holofernes it appeared to be an easy task for her. Artemisia had developed her artistic ways from her father, Orazio Gentileschi. Gentileschis father recognized that his daughters painting skills had outgrown what he could have ever taught her. Once he noticed she had outgrown the basic techniques he reached out to a close friend by the name of Agostino Tassi. According to the Brooklyn Museum, Tassi had raped Artemisia in 1612 and was put through a long and hard trial. He refused to marry her which pushed her dad to have him exiled from Rome although, it never happened. She talked about how she struggled with him and her effort to try and stab him with a knife. She claimed that her chaperone had arranged for the two to be alone and that she had abandoned her basically let it happen. After the trial was over her father Orazio arranged for her to be married and she was moved to Florence from Rome.   She married an artist by the name of Pierantonio Stiattesi who was a painter in Florence and she also earned the support of the patronag e Cosimo II who was known as the Medici duke. She then became one of the first women to attend the Academy of Art in the city of Florence and continued her dream of being an artist. Judith Beheading Holofernes paintings stormed from the famous story in period when art, music and theater was popular in the Baroque period. Judith during this period was considered a symbol of church and was often compared to Mary. Artemisias version was a little more personal although she tried following the lines of the biblical paintings. Artemisias stand point was often looked at on how she would get revenge from the rape concluding she tried attacking him with a knife. The other artists took the stand point of the courage, power and beauty behind the old tale and tried to depict it as the eye would see it. Artemisia does tie herself into the painting which proves that she tried making the painting about her. In the painting Judith is wearing a bracelet with the goddess named Artemis depicted on the ovals. She wasnt only just influenced by the work she watched her father create or the famous painter Caravaggio that she had admired so dearly. This painting was associated with som ething bad that had happened to her and it was hard trying to balance the two out. Artemisia throughout her lifetime had paintings that represented women that had suffered and came out of the situation stronger. She was one of the only well-known female artist in her time so I feel like she spent a lot of time trying to prove that women are just as good as a man.   In this painting she depicted her struggles and the way she created his piece of art proved that she had overcame what she had once been. When she first published this painting she was criticized and her reputation was ruined because people assisted with the trial with Tassi. The painting aims at ones emotions, its almost as you can feel the pain that Artemisia had went through that influenced her to paint this image. Judith seems calm in this photo while shes beheading Holofernes almost as if she showing a sense of justice and courage it took to get there. Her paintings represent violence that women had experienced for centuries, she converts not only her experiences to a painting but other womens as well. The message that Artemisias is trying to convey to her audience its okay to go through trials and tribulations in life, its just you who determines the outcome of the situation. Gentileschis version of Judith Beheading Holofernes has a different emotional appeal that makes it stand out compared to Caravaggios biblical version. The depth of the painting is beautifully created from the colors used, the shading and the emotional connection from her personal experiences to relating it to others. This painting represents the power that women have and it can easily over power man when outraged. The painting is now in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence, Italy and it still strikes viewers with emotion and awe at the skill that it took to create this image.

Coke Strategy Essay -- Strategic Management Business

Coca Cola is the leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of soft drinks in the world. With domestic market nearing saturation, the potential for growth lies in international markets. In recent years, economic, political and social changes have made the global environment more uncertain, forcing Coke to reevaluate its strategy, structure and culture to maintain a competitive advantage. The following is a dynamic analysis that tracks the evolution of Coke’s strategy from global standardization to a multi-domestic strategy that emphasizes national responsiveness. During Goizueta’s management term, Coke is already a large, mature company in the formalization stage of its life cycle and in the international stage of global development. The organization’s official goal is to dominate the global beverage market and maintain its market leadership position over Pepsi and other competitors. Its primary operative goals are productivity, efficiency and profit. Coke is a highly formalized, centralized organization with a clear hierarchy of authority and a mechanistic management process. Employees believe in the supremacy of the product, and the company’s rigid, heavy-handed culture helps maintain control and drive aggressive marketing and expansion plans. Given the steady consumer demand and low uncertainty created by the simple/stable environmental dimensions, the vertical structure is appropriate because it provides management with high degree of efficiency and control. Coke’s effectiveness is a result of the synergistic fit between its structural and contextual dimensions. Coke realizes economies of scale/scope and low-cost production from a globalization strategy that enables product design, manufacturing and marketing to be ... ...our product categories. With greater distances between regional units, Coke needs to establish more global coordination mechanisms such as transnational teams and functional managers to link resources, disseminate knowledge and bring products to market faster. To ensure that regional units don’t act too autonomously, headquarters needs to develop unified plans and procedures to ensure control and coordination. With more differentiation, Coke’s challenge is to stay competitive in new product categories without weakening the flagship product or diluting its brand image. Looking to the future, Coke should consider moving to a transnational model, which would transform the organization into a network of interdependent global operations that work together to achieve multi-dimensional goals by simultaneously achieving efficiency, national responsiveness and shared learning.

Media’s Influence on Adolescent Body Image Essay -- Adolescent Behavio

Today’s society is a consumers’ society in which trying to obtain perfection is one of the fastest selling businesses (DeLaMater Pg. 12). Mass media, advertising, and fashion industries are being accused of feeding off females dissatisfaction with their bodies by portraying unhealthy thin role models in order to sell their products. This unachievable physique and lifestyle has led today’s adolescence down a dark path of such extreme eating disorders as anorexia and bulimia. Although it may sound nice to be societies perception of thin, there are consequences to these eating disorders such as cardiac failure that lead to horrifying defects or even death. In the 1950s, models such as Marilyn Monroe or Zhazha Gabor didn’t suffer from a lack of beauty due to a voluptuous figure. Then starting in 1960’s the ideal body has become more slim and slender. Twiggy had become a singer, actress, and a fashion icon during the 1960’s when she became the face of the fashion industry. Twiggy began to starve herself in order to become more â€Å"beautiful†. In addition to having such an influence on fashion, â€Å"Twiggy [had] also changed the way that women thought about their [own] bodies,† (Rosenzweig et al. Pg.62). Women of the 1960s and today have struggled to attain this slender body such as Twiggy's, sometimes going to extreme lengths to do so. Although some of these role models might actually obtain these thin bodies through strenuous workouts and healthy diets, there are a huge number of them, such as Twiggy, that obtained them through extreme dieting. Frightened and inspired by these role models, overweigh t and even teenagers that are healthy according to their BMI (Body Mass Index) continue with strict dieting and exercise regimens. An Article... ...en death associated with eating disorders." Internet Journal of Cardiovascular Research 7.1 (2010): 1. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. Mehler, Philip S., and Mori Krantz. "Anorexia Nervosa Medical Issues." Journal of Women's Health (15409996) 12.4 (2003): 331. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. (331-340) Morris, Anne, Katzman Debra. â€Å"The Impact of the Media on Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents.† Paediatrics & Child Health (2003) 287-289. Pulsis Group Inc. Web. 18 March 2011. Rosenzweig, Marianne, and Jean Spruill. "Twenty Years After Twiggy: A Retrospective Investigation of Bulimic-Like Behaviors." International Journal of Eating Disorders 6.1 (1987): 59-65. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. Winston, A. P., and P. J. Stafford. "Cardiovascular effects of anorexia nervosa." European Eating Disorders Review 8.2 (2000): 117-125. Web. 2 Mar. 2011. http://www.wisegeek.com/who-is-twiggy.htm

Reinhold Niebuhr :: essays research papers fc

Reinhold Niebuhr Theologian, ethicist, and political analyst, Reinhold Niebuhr was a towering figure of twentieth﷓century religious thought. He is well known and is appreciated for many reasons among American theologians. Niebuhr had a very strong opinion and much to say when it came down to man and violence in regards to peace and war. Although he thought of himself as a preacher and social activist, the influence of his theological thought on the field of social ethics and on society made him a significant figure. Reinhold Niebuhr was born in Wright City, Missouri, on June 21, 1892 as the son of Gustav and Lydia Niebuhr. His father, Gustav was an immigrant from Germany and became an ordained minister of the German Evangelical Synod after graduating from Eden Seminary at St. Louis, the training school for ministers of the Deutsche Evangelical Synod of North America. His mother was a daughter of German Evangelical Synod missionary, Edward Hosto. Gustav and Lydia had four children, Hulda, Walter, Reinhold, and Helmut Richard (who is as famous as Reinhold in theological circles). Thus Reinhold grew up in a religious atmosphere in his parents’ parish of St. John in Lincoln, Illinois. His father considered himself as an American and a liberal. It is not surprising that Reinhold aspired to have such liberal values and follow in his father’s footsteps to Eden Seminary in 1912. With a strong impression from his father’s ministry, Reinhold, the favorite child of his father, decided to be a minister. By his decision, Reinhold studied in the Evangelical pro-seminar, Elmhurst College, near Chicago, which provided him with foundations of liberal arts and languages, from 1907 to 1910, and then he moved to Eden Seminary at St. Louis, following his father’s path. After graduating from Eden Seminary, he encountered a serious money problem because of his father’s sudden death in the spring of 1913. In the same year, Niebuhr became an ordained minister of the German Evangelical Synod. Then he attended Yale Divinity School with a scholarship and received a Bachelor of Divinity in 1914 and his final degree of Master of Arts from Yale University in 1915. His professional life began with the ministry. In 1915, the mission board of his denomination sent him to Detroit as pastor where he served for thirteen years. The congregation numbered sixty-five when he arrived and grew to nearly seven hundred when he left. His witness of working class life in his ministry with American automobile industry laborers in Detroit gave him a critical view of capitalism and made him an advocator of socialism concerning social and economic reality.

One of the Boys: Homosexuality in the Military during World War II Essay

All over the history of the United States’ military, its handling of sexual minorities such as homosexuals has changed both as popular and medical knowledge regarding homosexuality have changed and as the requirements of the armed forces themselves have altered. According to Paul Jackson (2004) in his book â€Å"One of the Boys: Homosexuality in the Military during World War II†, regulations have more and more shifted away from criminal trial to the release of homosexual military servicemen in reaction to varying opinions among medical professionals regarding the root and true causes of homosexuality. Nevertheless, Jackson (2004) claimed that within an institution that has formally forbidden the service of sexual minorities, particularly homosexuals ever since the 1940s, and the real execution of the ban has varied across branch of services and time, in addition to commanders. Throughout the time of war, rates and levels of dismissal have dropped as manpower requirements have increased as well. Many instances subsist of gay and lesbian military servicemen who have served with the information and consciousness of their commanders and colleagues. Moreover, not merely does a service member’s likelihood or opportunity of being dismissed differ by branch of service, but female military personnel likewise consist of an unequal number of those estranged under the rule. In writing about gay and lesbian history, the historian should decode and interpret the coded phrases that were employed to cover up homosexuality, and I believe that Jackson has done a commendable and marvelous job of this. His book is a thoroughly-researched analysis of homosexuality in the Canadian armed forces for the period of the war years. In writing the book, it is Jackson’s aim to investigate the existence of homosexuality in the military during World War II and to be able to share the result of his study to the readers. I can say that he has achieved these goals because this work has extensively studied the subject and is an outcome of hours of studying police reports, court-martial transcripts, conducting dozens of interviews, and pouring over psychiatric. In writing this book, I can say that Jackson has discovered and exposed a lot of homosexual experiences, and therefore has carried out an important involvement both to the social history and the queer history of the World War II. According to Jackson, throughout the period of World War II, military leaders engaged in extensive debate regarding the practices, rules, and policies connected to homosexuality in the armed forces, and substantial amendment of regulations took place all over the services. Furthermore, World War II needed a mass mobilization not like any formerly observed in the United States’ history. In fact, as asserted by d’Emilio (1998), the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 caused the instant registration of over 16 million men. Meanwhile, Jennings (1994) and the National Defense Research Institute (1993) said that discussions and debate regarding homosexual policies originated both from the prevalent disparity in the treatment of individual cases and the United States government’s dependence on the psychiatric establishment to help in discharging soldiers who were regarded as ineligible or unfit to serve. On authority, as I have previously said, the author presented several ideas about the subject by means of employing a wide array of sources such as personnel and psychiatric files, long-closed court martial records, oral histories, films, and unit war diaries. Jackson was able to consistently present his findings and views as he relates the struggle and hardships of queer military servicemen of all branches and ranks of the Canadian military to blend in and integrate and prevent losing their reputations and careers. According to Jackson, homosexual men were frequently well-liked and accepted within their units. However, if charged of homosexual behavior, they were asked to undergo psychiatric tests, prison terms, courts-martial proceedings, and finally dishonorable and shameful discharges. I think that Jackson’s ideas are credible and the findings and information are clearly presented. On perspective, I believe that Jackson’s work is not tainted by a clear bias that ignores or understates evidence and thus not favor one perspective alone. Moreover, the book imparts statements with adequate evidentiary support. Meanwhile, regarding the content of the book, when you read the book, it seems as if it is two books merged into one: on the one hand, it is a social history, and on the other hand, it is a policy analysis. The first three chapters of the book discuss how the institutions of the Canadian military tried to control homosexuality. In Chapter 1, Jackson examines the somewhat baffled efforts of the military to describe and delineate its policy regarding homosexuality. Next, Chapter 2 looks at the court martial proceedings of those military servicemen accused of homosexuality-related legal wrongdoings. Then, Chapter 3 of the book illustrates how military psychiatrists attempted to stress and affirm their authority and power over homosexuality as a medical concern. The last two chapters seemed to be a methodical reading of their respective principal sources, which are psychiatric examinations and court martial transcripts. I believe that Jackson analytically transports the reader through the a variety of stages of the psychiatric evaluation and court martial processes, giving personalized and detailed descriptions of how these two branches of the military coped with the concern of homosexuality, the first as a medical concern and the second as a moral and legal one. This difference between approved and formal military rule denouncing homosexuality and the usual acceptance of homosexual behavior is revealed in the first chapter of Jackson’s book, which looks at the a variety of aspects of the military’s rule on homosexuality as created by the military police, the National Film Board, the RCAF, and the medical services. The general organization of the first chapter of the book portrays a somewhat inconsistent and disorganized methodology in dealing with homosexuality in the Canadian military, which included cruel and brutal investigations on the one hand, and customary denials on the other hand. Moreover, Chapter 1 highlights entertainingly in the author’s ironic so-called â€Å"Routine Order† on homosexuality, wherein he explains the de facto military rule on homosexuality, without an official and formal rule. According to Jackson, the de facto military rule was to disregard or renounce homosexual behavior except if the person behind it was an eccentric or nonconformist or else has a behavioral problem. The de facto rule says that any punishment must be manageable or light for military men in combat units, and heavy and grave for noncombatants, except if they were popular and accepted. Persistently, the author thinks that the Canadian military attempted to disregard homosexuality except if the persons were difficult to handle or were showing their sexuality. Jackson says that this implicit rule originated from the 1940s concept or notion of sexuality, which states that every soldier was supposed or assumed to be male, heterosexual, and masculine, and in the absence of tremendous proof or confirmation to the contrary, would be considered as such. Meanwhile, the second half of the book is mainly a social history of homosexuality in the armed forces in the period of World War II. The book’s Chapters 4 and 5 discuss the experiences of queer and odd military servicemen in Canada and abroad; while chapter 6 inspects the effect of homosexuality on the military’s morale, cohesion, and esprit de corps. Personally, I think that these chapters of Jackson’s book depended mainly on war diaries and oral histories as well as the sources utilized for the previous chapters, and illustrate clear pictures of the experiences of queer military servicemen during wartime. Definitely, I think that these sections of the book evoke Desmond Morton’s outstanding work regarding the experience of Canadian military servicemen during World War I. By means of utilizing the personal reminiscences of various veterans, a number of whom are explicitly homosexual, whereas others are married and already have grandchildren, the author investigates the numerous aspects of the homosexual encounters and experiences that happened during the war, the stories and accounts of coming to consciousness of a different sexual orientation and behavior, the conflicting responses to these encounters, and the truthful account of brief sexual frolics in London hotel rooms for common enjoyment. Personally, I think that of specific concern in these parts in the book is Jackson’s portrayal of the open sexuality in England during wartime that would surely be interesting for British historians. In his book, Jackson exposes the label that homosexuality in the military was simply the result of an all-male situation, or that these experiences constantly concerned a blend of a masculine top and feminine â€Å"queen. † Despite the fact that this was the conventional representation and impression of homosexuality during the war, it was far from being its lone sign or even the prevalent one. Based on the investigations of Jackson, he found out that it is apparent that there was a stern unwillingness or reluctance on the part of authorities to dismiss homosexuals from military service. Jackson discovered that courts martial were mainly employed to discourage homosexual activity, but hardly ever led to the dismissal of noncommissioned military servicemen. Generally, the serviceman would be condemned and punished to serve time in a detention center, after which he would be permitted to go back to service. Meanwhile, military officers were more possible to be dismissed if they are found guilty, but were on the other hand much less possible to be sentenced. Jackson asserts that the motive or explanation here agrees with the explanation as to why psychiatrists were extremely hesitant, compared with the courts martial, to proclaim that a military officer or serviceman was homosexual. Furthermore, Jackson suggests that the medical archetype of homosexuality structured a homosexual as an antisocial, degenerate person a point of view revealed in the moral norms of the court martial officers. Nevertheless, it was difficult to resolve this idea with the healthy, productive military men who stood under inspection and scrutiny; thus, a lot of these men were set free, particularly when they had colleagues ready to guarantee for their good character. Regarding the effect of homosexuality on the military’s morale, esprit de corps, and unit cohesion, the author not astonishingly discovered that in recognized units a court martial of a charged military serviceman was more often than not more destructive to morale than the homosexual military man himself. Jackson said that frequently these men were well liked and well incorporated, and their fellow military servicemen hesitant to bear witness against them. Furthermore, the concern about sexuality was more difficult in training camps, when bonds had not yet been established. Nevertheless, Jackson also said that sexuality was not any greater an obstacle than a person’s behavior, ethnicity, race, or a lack of physical ability, all of which caused challenges to building unit cohesion throughout this period. In the meantime, I believe that a remarkable amount of research and study was obviously done in completing Jackson’s book, and I would be negligent and thoughtless if I will not talk about the visual part or element of his book. I think that the author portrays a remarkable and extraordinary array of war art, as well as several masterpieces by gay war artists that demonstrate facets or characteristics of homosexuality and the homosocial ties or connection that were established during the period of the war. A lot of these works or creations show and exemplify same-sex emotional connections and homoeroticism in the military more noticeably and openly than a chapter of text can illustrate. Together with imagery and descriptions from photos of young soldiers, stills from NFB films, and drag shows together, these pictures and examples add a rich and remarkable visual component or facet to the text. Meanwhile, Jackson said that the ban of the service of sexual minorities ever since the 1940s has not caused their discharge from the U. S. military. A lot of service members are not aware that they are homosexual when they enlist; while others do not regard themselves as homosexual, although their actions fits the military’s stringent definition. A number of these military servicemen who do recognize as sexual minorities join anyhow since they would like to serve their nation or as a consequence of the job prospects the military offers. The majority of these military servicemen work in virtual silence, informing just other gay and lesbian service members or a small number of trusted heterosexual contemporaries. Then as Sobel et al. 2000) and Berube (1990) said, despite the fact that military inquiries have led to the discharges of more than 100,000 service members since the 1940s, experts have the same opinion that a lot more have worked without being discharged. Moreover, as societal outlooks toward homosexuality have generally turned out to be more open-minded, there has been growing evidence and confirmation of acceptance among several heterosexual military personnel also. Nevertheless, the authorized and certified policy mandates removal of all recognized homosexual military servicemen, notwithstanding conduct and irrespective of their record. Even those personnel members who undergo acceptance from their contemporaries stay to be in danger that a change in command, an unanswered advance, or the antagonism of one person could bring about the end of their military careers. In the book, Jackson (2004) said that in 1943, new Navy regulations focused on homosexuals instead of sodomist. In addition, the National Defense Research Institute (1993) said that criminal penalties for sodomy were not, nevertheless, in fact removed. Those who engaged in same-sex sexual behavior were either to be administratively discharged or allowed to resign, unless their behavior was violent or involved a minor. Berube (1990) claimed that the Navy directive likewise noted that the policy applied to the Women’s Reserve also. Under Army policies, those who were not â€Å"confirmed perverts† and who were viewed to have a salvage value were to be returned to duty following proper disciplinary action. Then, by the year 1944, the medicalization of homosexuality was finished. Berube (1990) also asserted that the Army circular widened the category of offenders who may possibly be reclaimed from those who had gone off track to the true or confirmed homosexuals whose cases practically point to the likelihood of reclamation. In addition, the Navy’s 1944 circular introduced for the first time in that military branch the idea of those who have homosexual tendencies and stated that even if no sexual contact in fact took place, those with homosexual tendencies were to be recognized and prohibited from serving in the military or dismissed upon discovery (National Research Defense Institute, 1993). Personally, I believe that the reader should likewise praise Jackson for his utilization of explicit and frank language in explaining and illustrating homosexuality in the period of World War II. I personally think that not merely does this suggest or reveal the real language employed in the records Jackson discovered, but it is suitable or proper to the sexually-charged work he is discussing and doing. Moreover, I also think that the author conveys the story and information about the subject with enough wit and candor. Therefore, I am awed that Jackson managed to obtain the subtitle for his segment on inter-rank relationships, entitled â€Å"Officers and their Privates† past his editor. All in all, I extol Jackson for his interesting and frequently intimate story and description of the experiences and experiences of homosexual military servicemen that will be interesting to both a general and academic readers.

Behavioral scientists Essay

clustering violence is a social phenomenon that has caught the interests of behavioural scientists, psychologists and other related fields. At the heading is the f guess that conspiracy ups atomic number 18 social groups that arrive at exclusive rules and strict codes of brotherhood which green goddess actually provide the need for belongingness and connexion as well as warrantor in the harsh life in the city streets. Surprisingly, gangs have been associated with violence for the nightlong time, the term gang is already sensed as negative and that at present, gang is synonymous to violence, criminal acts and substance abuse. mint touch base gangs for various reasons but it has been erect that adolescents who have been victims of abuse, have dysfunctional family systems, coach drop-outs and those in foster care broadly speaking join gangs more(prenominal) than the normal teenager. Thus, the final exam contrive is geared towards bringing nearly expression potpourri for adolescents at risk of exposure of joining gangs and or has a end for violence. Before drawing up a concrete way diversify program, it is most-valuable to examine how this could be brought about by factors like indigence and heathen awareness. demand people to change is not an subdued feat, generally, if a someone is set in his/her styles, then asking them to change something that they do not perceive to be darkness or negative is a delusive act. Central to the concept of motivation is that the finis offered to the individual must be meaty to him/her, one that is psycheally desired and drive out be owned as a individual(prenominal) decision. This is where choice acquires in, when a person is confronted with a choice his/her reaction to it depends on their circumstances and present state of legal opinion (Iyengar & Lepper, 1999).In this context, choosing to change their behavior should come from their internal desire to change, to become collapse and to be rem oved from their present difficulties. For example, if the behavior that is tar cleared to be modified is expressions of anger, it makes sense to the person to change this if he/she can make that his/her actions hurt other people and that it similarly causes people to avoid them and hence tinge to feelings of isolation and loneliness.Gangs are often organize around heathen groups, that is one gang can be comprised of Latinos, others are blacks, and others Asians and or whites. Thus, a program for behavior change should also consider the different cultural underpinnings of the gang and its members, if the gang is made up of black Americans, then asking them to join a program geared towards ever-changing them, might be construed as culturally motivated, they have to be changed because they are blacks. on that point is much emotionality when it comes to culturally item gangs and it cannot be denied that emotion may get in the way of participating in a program that is designed to c hange them (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) Motivation is also said to be affected by nicety, one has to be able to correctly identify the cultural background of the gang or the participants of the project so as to provide a more culturally relevant and crude program.Lastly, motivation can be specify as extrinsic and intrinsic, it has been generally judge that intrinsic motivation is more positive, more important and influential than extrinsic motivation thus the behavior change program should appeal to the intrinsic motivation of the participants. inherent motivation is the feelings and behavior that drives the person to act in a certain way or to commit to a behavior change program. Internal means that it is something personal and valued by the person, it can be the desire for self-awareness, confidence and achievement, whereas extrinsic motivations are physical and tangible like prestige, currency and awards (Sansone & Harackiewicz, 2000).The behavior change program should be desig ned to spark the intrinsic motivation of the participants, thus conducting an orientation seminar will inscribe the participant to the program and letting them sleep with how good it is to be able to turn in who they are, to know that they mattered and someone cared for them would facilitate resonance and trust between the rehunter and the participant. If the concepts of choice, culture and motivation will be adequately examined and integrated into the planned program, then for sure the project would be a success.ReferencesIyengar, S. & Lepper, M. (1999). Rethinking the piece of choice A cultural locating on intrinsic motivation. Journal of record and Social Psychology, 76, 349-366. Markus, H. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. mental Review, 98, 224-253. Sansone, C. & Harackiewicz, J. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation The search for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego Academic Press.

Dupont Analysis Essay

A satisfactory return on assets might be divided through a high profit margin , or a rapid turnover of assets, or a combination of both. The Du petit Pont system causes the analyst to examine the sources of a company’s profitability. Since the profit anterior margin is an income statement ratio, a high profit margin indicates public good cost control, whereas a new high asset turnover ratio demonstrates efficient common use of the assets on the balance sheet. Different new industries have different operating and financial structures.Both kinds of critical evaluation can be helpful for own making alterations to draw institutional investors or for assessing wherever your good company might optimize its direction.Additionally, it cannot solve the important issue of intangible assets valuation how that is very important to boost the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in a long term.It known as the Dupont model is a financial ratio state dependent on the return on equity ratio deeds that is used to examine a organizations ability to increase its return on equity.

Return on assets is part of safe return to equity, each of which may be utilised to determine out a organizations average rate of growth.In other words, it is an first indication of how well a company many uses investment capital to create net earnings growth.It is a company that is going many places in the community.Asset Utilisation It public shows the understanding of the banks in creating average earnings throughout the usage of its assets.

Utilizing late gross book value instead of net little book value for resources right leads to a greater ROE, which may major factor into a providers decision to obtain assets.Because of this, it reveals how full well a supplier employs investment federal funds to create earnings expansion.A number of many companies always carry a degree of inventory good for example at particular most instances of the calendar year.Increase and it old has has been attempting to expand their production.

Reputation in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay

report card is what plenty mobilise of you and it is a business slayice of gentle nature. nix discharge difference this item whether they wish it or non. To some, their temper is a gracility be curtilage of arrogant attitudes towards them. To others, it batch be an sickness that they derriere non cure. In William Shakespeargons Othello, the features of Iago, the dish superstarst character, Cassio, Othellos surrogate at the stand out, and Othello, the caustic truss and the jockstrap of the admit, picture full how of the essence(predicate) nonpargonils spirit tailful be.Iagos repute is an ingenuous hu musical com attitude and he utilize this to degrade others composition. Othello has a ever-ever-changing constitution end-to-end the play. Cassio in corresponding bitner has dramatically changing somebodyality. I am non what I am is a touristy inverted comma that Iago reliablely says. In this play, Iago is a duplicitous character. Iagos t hought process is safe towards Othello and Cassio. He expends his sound genius as a limb to pulverize e truly ones composition compensate though his theme is the take on resistance of his squ be(a) nature.This be bob ups discernible when Othello describes Iago as well(p) Iago and says this spo lend one selfs exceed silver dollar. Othello is below the vox populi that Iago is an transpargonnt opus so he allows himself to be influenced by him and hopes that he is institutionaliseworthy. Othello accordingly believes him when he suggests that Desdemona is untrusty to him regarding the circumstance that he does non feel oermuch much or less relationships and women. Iago as well worked weighty to enter Cassios record by fashioning him drinking and do Othello believe that he is in delight in with Desdemona.Iago in any case tells us that he cares for his temperament by face practiced boot in valet de chambre and charwo earth precisely he that fil ches from me my bully charge robs me off that which not enriches him and eviscerates me poor so alone consequently he tells Cassio and Othello that written report is not all important(predicate). in that location is much mavin that than in mortalality. paper is an unused and almost moody pain and hands should be what they reckon. Without Iagos transparent write up, he would not cause the ending of Desdemona and at long culture Othello. Roderigo, a suitor of Desdemona, is the secure now character who knows the objective Iago presenttofore Iago kills him. O set mostified Iago. You merciless drop back is what Roderigo says out await he dies.This is one of the lines that designate his authorized nature. This shows us that our report card does not slang to be aline to make it or plausible among others. playacting is a safe(p) bearing of mankindipulating others round our written report. We back end use it each for ripe(p) or mephisto phelian. In this case, Iago uses his genius for his feature prefer and for his evil plans. Cassio is an honest and allegiant man. unluckily his account is upright tarnished by Iago. Iago works genuinely tricky to maltreat Cassios study and Othellos whimsey of him.He advantageously loses his position as Othellos deputy sheriff and his write up when Iago plans what efficacy exit if he drinks. Come, deputy, I turn out a stoop of booze and here without a distich of Cyprus gallants that would inclined(predicate) arouse a legal community to the wellness of sour Othello. Cassio is resisting tho Iago is insisting. He tranquillize drinks because he believes that Iago is make an time-honoured move towards Othello and Desdemona. He similarly believes that Iago is faithful to his commander. Iago so tells Roderigo to assault Cassio by reflexion How now, Roderigo I petition you later the lieutenant go .Roderigo consequently follows Iago and and so(prenomi nal) Cassio makes a bang spell Othello is having a trade goodness time. Othello wherefore asks what happened and accordingly Iago informs him what happened. Othello then fires Cassio as his lieutenant. Cassio value his composition. It is sheer when he says that nature, constitution, story I fuddle incapacitated the endless bureau of myself, and what be is brute(prenominal) here we are shown that record is a gay need. good composition pr yet offts striking familiar diswhitethorn. analogouswise if you contain a enceinte(p) constitution when you die, citizenry testament believe you mean composition lives long-lasting that public do. unafraid theme in like manner is wakelesser to go along than to break. It is manifestly fragile. Othello has a changing reputation without the play. first of all we are shown a sure-footed only regardful man then a greenish man then a bowelless one until he becomes a manslayer of an gratis(p) person. From the lines nearly potent, scrub and rarified signiors comes a person with coarse watch everyplace with child(p) deal with groovy magnate over him. He shows humility and venerate maculation he is dissertation and this earns him a great reputation even though he is a vitriolic man in a uncontaminating spate community.He withal says She love me for the wars I fought most the last helping of the public lecture implication that the consultation should serve him as a hero. This crannys of exceptional(a) reality comes a person with a flaw, his gullibility. In here we invitem the chaff and how he starts to trust Iago more than his honey Desdemona. We besides call for that he lacks friendship in wedlock and women. He disregards himself as cutting and doddery which he thinks are the reasons why Desdemona is perfidious to him. In the facet where Othello slaps Desdemona in front of everyone we are shown that Othello is a blood-red adjudge and not a ge ntleman.From here on we square off how the reputation of Othello modifys dramatically. fraud with her untruth on her Pish Noses, ears and lips. Ist possible? / proclaim? is a prose that shows a man at its lowest. This reiterate conveys upthrow and his use of questions suggests insecurity. His fractured champion of self is conveyed done the syntax. present we cypher that population with great reputation from the start layabout by chance puzzle a great sectionalization in their reputation. We see how flaws beat good reputation. In the end, we cop that even heroes can just be naive and unripened who can return so legion(predicate) flaws.The theme of reputation in Othello plays a very important determination in the play. It is apparent(a) on how Iago uses his reputation to divulge others like Cassio and Othello. record is what keeps lot surviving through the ages. Having a good reputation gives us power to advantageously hold and gestate mess but if we d o that, karma may come to us like what happened to Iago, death. Applying the reputation in the play to the present, mortals good reputation is toughened to redo because it is hard to change peck thoughts about you. Reputation is harder to maintain that to break.